皮革加工製程清潔生產方案之研究

台灣皮革加工業數十年來一直是重要的傳統產業之一，因社會經濟繁榮，日常生活中對皮革之消費量也隨之增加。皮革工業一般可分為「製革工業」與「皮革製品工業」兩類。將生皮加工鞣製而成熟皮過程中會產生高濃度廢水污染、製程中所產生異味及廢棄物對於環境有極大的污染。皮革業在面臨環保意識提高的壓力下，可導入「清潔生產」理念，製革工廠由源頭做好良好的製程規劃與管理，減少使用有毒的原物料，以降低管末污染，並進一步改善製程效率，使製程生產低污染化並節約能源。換言之，就是推動廠內清潔生產技術，改善製程管理、減少製程中廢棄物的產生、減輕後續污染防治設施的負荷，以提高環境保護的意識。因此皮革經營者要追求永續發展，可積極進行BLC（英國皮革技術中心）認證，加強產品之環保優越性，在面對全球化的競爭的態勢下使得皮革工業得以穩定成長，及因應未來的經營發展趨勢。本研究導入BLC環境考核草案認證系統，輔導國內一皮革加工前段製程之鹽漬皮加工業者進行清潔生產的推動。BLC關注事項之評分標準，包括限用物質管理、能源耗用、空氣污染物排放、有害廢棄物管理、一般廢棄物管理、環境管理系統、水資源使用、廢水初級處理、鉻污染管理、及其他生產流程之關注事項等。根據現場環境勘查及管理系統稽核進行臨廠輔導，並依據環境標準診斷評分與檢討的方式，提出相關改善建議方案，以達到BLC環境考核草案之各項降低環境衝擊與節省能源的基本要求。最後依據清潔生產之金牌、銀牌、銅牌標準，利用各項最低得分門檻要求，主動地激發業者採納所建議的改善方案，以獲致BLC銅牌認證的預期目標。本研究展現某家鹽漬皮加工業者推動清潔生產的案例，藉由BLC認證要求，降低環境衝擊，節約能源耗用，並獲致BLC銅牌以上認證以維持於國際品牌鞋類大廠的綠色供應鏈中。

關鍵字

BLC ；皮革加工；清潔生產；綠色供應鏈

並列摘要

In Taiwan, leather industry is one of the most important industries for the past decades. Due to social-economic progress, the consumption of leather products is consequently increasing. Leather industry consists of leather processing industry and leather product industry. Highly concentrated wastewater is generated from the processes of raw leather, and other problems regarding to odor and hazardous wastes are also potentially threaten to the environment. Facing with the increasing sense of environmental protection, the concept of clean production is introduced to accomplish better management of manufacturing processes as well as to reduce the end-pipe pollution and the use of toxic materials. In other words, implementation of clean production is to improve management of leather processing, minimize generated wastes, lessen pollution loading of treatment facilities, and prompt the sense of environmental protection. As a result, certification of British Leather Technology Center (BLC) offers an alternative to achieve the goals of sustainable development that might bring about stable growth under global competition of leather product markets based on environmental benefits of products. This study is aimed at introducing BLC standards to assist a salted leather processing manufacturer on implementing clean production. BLC standards include restricted material management, energy use, air pollutant emission, hazardous material management, general waste management, environmental management system, water resource use, primary wastewater treatment, chromium pollution management, and other items of manufacturing processes. Following site investigation and management system auditing, evaluation of environment status and suggestion of improvement programs were proposed to meet the requirement of BLC standards on reducing environmental impact and saving of energy use. Based on BLC standards of gold, silver, and bronze medals, we inspire the manufacturer to implement the suggested improvement programs to obtain any BLC medal. This study demonstrated a case study of clean production on salted leather processing to reduce the environmental impacts, to save energy consumption, and to maintain green supply chain of international shoe brands by earning a BLC medal.