可燃性廢棄物焚化過程重金屬之流布

Metal Distribution in the Incineration Process of Combustible Waste

姚舒涵(Shu -Han Yao)

指導教授 ： 史順益

共同指導教授 ： 郭益銘(Yi-Ming Kuo)

崑山科技大學/工程學院/環境工程研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

隨著工商業科技之快速發展與突破帶動經濟成長也快速提升，人民的生活品質及消費能力普遍增加；各式各樣廢棄物數量不斷上升。焚化被認為是廢棄物處理之主要技術，然而焚化之灰渣含有重金屬等有毒物質，而廢棄物掩埋場用地取得不易，故產生許多問題。本研究係以固定爐床焚化爐處理焚化作探討，主要分析焚化系統各操作單元之重金屬排放特徵。針對進料做採樣分析，而出料部分則有冷卻塔飛灰、焚化底渣、與袋式集塵器飛灰等出料物質做採樣分析，以描繪出重金屬於醫療廢棄物焚化系統中之流布情況。整體而言，焚化過程中，沸點低的元素，如砷、鎘、汞、鉛、鋅等主要存在於煙道氣裡，而焚化飛灰中，含量較高之金屬物種為Na，主要原因為在洗滌水中噴灑NaOH後結晶相而飄逸至排放管道中，底渣含量較高之金屬物種為Ca (63,100 mg/kg)，而煙道氣中分為氣相與固相，煙道氣相主要成分為Na。在固相中，含量較高之金屬物種為Fe。

關鍵字

重金屬流布 ； 飛灰 ； 醫療廢棄物

並列摘要

With the rapid development and breakthrough in industrial and commercial technology, economic growth has been rapid. People’s quality of life and spending power have also generally been improved, while all kinds of waste have continued to increase. Incineration is considered to be a major technology; however, incineration ash contains heavy metals and other toxic substances, and landfill sites are difficult to obtain, thus many problems are created. In this study, a fixed bed incinerator used to incinerate waste was adopted in the discussion, in which the characteristics of heavy metal emissions from the operational units of the incineration system were mainly analyzed. Then, targeting the incoming materials, sampling and analysis were conducted. In terms of feed, sampling and analysis were conducted for cooling tower fly ash, incinerator bottom residue, bag house fly ash, and other feed substances in order to depict the distribution of heavy metals in medical waste incineration systems. Overall, during the incineration process, elements with low boiling points, such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, zinc, and so on are mainly found in flue gas, while the metal found in higher concentrations in the incineration fly ash is sodium, mainly because after NaOH is sprayed in the washing water, it is discharged into pipes in the crystalline phase. In the bottom residue, the metal in higher concentrations is calcium (63,100 mg/kg). The flue gas is divided into gas and solid phases: in the gas phase, sodium is the main constituent found; in the solid phase, the metal found in higher concentrations is iron.

並列關鍵字

heavy metal flows cloth ； fly ash ； medical waste

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