混合廢油快速轉酯化為生質柴油之研究

Studies on the biodiesel produced by mixed waste oil transesterification

雷漢強(Hann-Chiang Lei)

指導教授 ： 蕭明謙

崑山科技大學/工程學院/環境工程研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

石化燃料日漸減少，因此必須發展替代能源來因應未來之能源危機。生質柴油為一種脂肪酸甲酯，可由三酸甘油酯經轉酯化反應後產生。在傳統的轉酯化反應中，需耗費大量的時間及油脂，且利用食用油製造生質柴油的成本過高，然而利用低價的動物油又因凝固點過高，不利於製造生質柴油。因此本研究使用動物油與廢食用油混合後製造生質柴油，可降低原料成本，並利用超音波促進轉酯化反應，以縮短反應時間，而動物油與廢食用油混合後可有效降低凝固點，能將原本不適合作為生質柴油原料之動物油有效轉化為生質柴油。將廢食用油與動物油以8：2之比例混合後，凝固點由原來的28℃可降低至5℃以下，利用超音波促進轉酯化反應，使用NaOH作為觸媒進行催化反應，最佳反應條件為：醇油比8:1、觸媒添加量1wt%、反應溫度65℃、反應時間15min，生質柴油轉化率可達97.3%。再以微波添加活性碳促進混合廢油進行轉酯化反應，最佳反應條件為醇油比7:1、觸媒(NaOH)添加量1wt%、反應溫度65℃、反應時間2.5min。兩者皆符合台灣生質柴油管制標準CNS15072的96.5%管制標準值。

關鍵字

生質柴油 ； 轉酯化反應 ； 超音波 ； 微波

並列摘要

The fossil fuels is limited, therefore, the development of renewable energy is very important. Biodiesel is defined as the fatty acid methyl esters made by transesterification of a vegetable oil or waste cooking oil. In traditional water batch process, production of biodiesel costs was still long time. In additional, the most favorable raw materials such as waste cooking oil was still high cost. However, the use of animal fat freezing point is too high. In this study, the use of animal fat mixed with waste cooking oil to production of biodiesel can reduce raw material costs, and waste cooking oil mixed with animal fat (mixed ratio) can effectively reduce the freezing point to below 5℃. In this research, mixed oil as raw material, in ultrasonic process, the optimum conditions was as follows: molar ratio of methanol to oil is 8:1 with NaOH concentration of 1 wt%, reaction temperature at 65℃ and reaction time for 15 min. Nevertheless, in microwave process, the optimum conditions was as follows: molar ratio of methanol to oil is 7:1 with NaOH concentration of 1 wt%, activated carbon 1 wt%, reaction temperature at 65℃ and reaction time for 2.5 min. The conversion of mixed oil into biodiesel was achieved Taiwan CNS 15072 standard for biodiesel in which the conversion rate must reach 96.5%.

並列關鍵字

biodiesel ； transesterification ； ultrsonic ； microwave

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