均質機及超音波應用於廢食用油轉酯化之研究

Homogenization and ultrasonic assisted transesterification of waste cooking oils

楊國洲(Kuo-Chou Yang)

指導教授 ： 蕭明謙

崑山科技大學/工程學院/環境工程研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

目前石化燃料日漸減少，然而，能源需求逐漸的增加，因此必須發展替代能源來因應未來之能源危機。生質柴油又稱為脂肪酸甲酯，是經由轉酯化反應後之產物。本研究使用大豆油與廢食用油來製造生質柴油，分別透過均質機與超音波促進轉酯化反應，以縮短反應時間，而使用廢食用油製造生質柴油相較於植物油可有效減少大約一半之成本，並進一步使用兩段式製程，提高生質柴油產率，研究並以超音波促進大豆油轉酯化反應，利用蛋殼作為非均質觸媒來製造生質柴油。
以大豆油為原料，利用超音波促進轉酯化反應，使用蛋殼作為觸媒進行催化反應，最佳反應條件為：醇油莫耳比7:1，4 wt%的蛋殼，在65℃下反應1小時，生質柴油轉化率可達75%。以廢食用油為原料的情況，利用均質機促進兩段式轉酯化反應製造生質柴油，第一段酸催化酯化反應最佳條件為醇油莫耳比12:1，硫酸添加量4 wt %，溫度在65℃下反應10分鐘，可將含有酸價為4.36 mg KOH/g之廢食用油降至2 mg KOH/g以下，再利用第二段鹼催化轉酯化反應製造生質柴油，總反應時間為20分鐘，生質柴油轉化率可達97％，可有效將廢食用油製造生質柴油並符合台灣CNS 15072之96.5％標準值。
本研究利用大豆油與廢食用油製造生質柴油皆能夠符合台灣CNS 15072之96.5％標準值，使用均質機與超音波促進反應的方式可有效的縮短反應時間，增加轉化率，並減少能耗，達到節能減碳的目的。

關鍵字

生質柴油 ； 轉酯化反應 ； 超音波 ； 均質機 ； 非均相觸媒

並列摘要

The fossil fuels is limited, energy demands are gradually increasing the development of renewable energy is imperative. Biodiesel is defined as the fatty acid methyl esters made by transesterification of a refined oil or waste cooking oil. In the present work, homogenize and ultrasonic irradiation enhanced transesterification was for the production of biodiesel. The homogenize and ultrasonic irradiation to enhanced transesterification reaction, the use of heterogeneous catalysis production biodiesel. The waste cooking oil instead of virgin oil to produce biodiesel is an effective way to reduce the raw material cost because it is estimated to be about half of the price of virgin oil.
We were further by a two-step process, and ultrasonic assisted transesterification, use of egg shell as heterogeneous catalysts systems to production biodiesel. The optimum condition for the production of biodiesel from soybean oil under the ultrasonic irradiation was as follows: molar ratio of methanol to oil is 7:1 with egg shell of 4 wt% and reaction time for 1 hour at 65℃, the conversion of soybean oil into biodiesel was achieved 75%.
Waste cooking oil as raw materials, homogenize enhanced production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil via a two-step catalysis process. The optimum condition for the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil under the homogenize at first step catalysis process was as follows: molar ratio of methanol to oil is 12:1 with H2SO4 of 4 wt% and reaction time for 10 min at 65℃, the conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel was achieved 97%, which the biodiesel are within the limits prescribed by Taiwan CNS 15072 standard the yield of methyl esters at 96.5 %.
In the present work, the homogenize and ultrasonic irradiation method is provides efficient reduce the reaction time, increase in yield and rate of products induced economically functional to produce biodiesel, desirous producing low-cost alternative fuels, which could reduce pollution and environmentally friendly.

並列關鍵字

biodiesel ； transesterification ； ultrasonic ； homogenize ； heterogeneous catalyze

參考文獻

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