含引擎驅動倒檔混合動力車齒輪傳動系統之創新設計

On the Innovative Design of Geared-Transmissions for Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Mechanical Reverse Driving Mode

吳冠輝(Guan-Huei Wu)

指導教授 ： 顏鴻森

國立成功大學/工學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2018年)

摘要

隨著全球暖化與排放汙染影響環境，傳統燃油車逐漸式微。由於現今的電動車仍受到諸多發展限制，無法普及。因此，具有多種動力源的混合動力車在近年來成為主要的研究對象，而油電混合動力車更是其中主流。
本研究旨在發展一套設計流程，有系統的合成出所有符合設計要求油電混合動力車傳動系統。首先，根據現有的環境參數、動力源特性、及車輛性能需求，針對較具有發展性的新型油電混合傳動系統進行各齒輪的齒數設計。接著分析新系統各個操作模式的運動特性與換檔的可行性，再分析新系統所能達到的最大車速、最短加速時間、及最大爬坡度。最後，建立新系統的電腦模型，透過電腦模擬標準行車路徑，分析各項性能表現，最終與數款市面上的油電混合車進行油耗的比較。
根據現有的油電混合動力車傳動系統，倒檔皆以馬達倒轉的方式實現。引擎無法驅動倒檔使得油電混合車在電池電量低或馬達故障時，即失去倒檔功能。本研究以發展具有引擎倒檔的油電混合車為目標進行創新設計。透過適合的系統化設計流程，計合成出2組新型設計，其系統具有1組簡單行星齒輪、1組Ravigneaux行星齒輪、1具引擎、及1具馬達。經由概念評估，選出較具發展性的新設計進行細部設計。新系統的齒數設計結果，最大齒數72齒，各齒輪之齒數均滿足設計限制。經由運動分析、換檔分析、及性能分析，新型設計的最大車速可達時速241公里；0到100加速時間僅需7.13秒；最大爬坡度亦有49% 以上，均達到預設的性能需求。運用SIMULINK軟體建立新系統的電腦模型，並針對市區與高速公路的標準型車路徑進行模擬，得到在市區每公升汽油行駛18.03 公里、在高速公路每公升汽油行駛20.41公里的油耗表現。新設計的油耗在現今的油電混合車款中相當具有競爭力。

關鍵字

混合傳動系統 ； 系統化設計流程 ； 引擎倒檔 ； 行星齒輪系 ； 電腦模擬

並列摘要

Due to growing concern regarding global warming and its adverse environmental effects, the market for conventional vehicles with internal combustion engines is in gradual decline. While electric vehicles are regarded as a promising solution for future transport needs, many issues remain to be resolved before they can become a commercial viability. As a result, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), which combine a traditional internal-combustion engine with one or more electric motors or a battery pack, have attracted great interest in recent years.
This study proposes a systematic design approach for the synthesis of feasible hybrid transmissions. In particular, depending on the driving environment, the specifications of the vehicle power sources, and the desired vehicle performance, promising novel designs are selected for the teeth number design. The kinematic characteristics, feasible mode shifts, and vehicle performance (e.g., maximum speed, acceleration time and gradeability) are analyzed. Finally, a computer model of the novel design is developed and simulations performed based on standard drive cycles.
In existing hybrid transmission systems, the reverse gear is usually implemented by reversing the rotational direction of the motor, and that should be improved. As a result, this thesis focuses on the innovative design of a hybrid transmission system with a mechanical reverse driving mode. Using the proposed systematic design approach, two novel designs are synthesized consisting of a simple planetary gear train, a Ravigneaux planetary gear train, an engine and a motor. Based on the high-level evaluation results, one of the designs is selected for further development and analysis. It is shown that for the considered design, the maximum number of teeth is equal to 72 and all of the gears satisfy the design constraints. Furthermore, the kinematic analysis, shifting analysis and performance analysis results indicate that the proposed design results in a maximum vehicle speed of 241 km/h, a 0 ~ 100 km/h acceleration time of 7.13 seconds and a gradeability of up to 49%. All of the results meet the desired performances. Meanwhile, the SIMULINK results show that the novel design achieves a fuel consumption of 18.03 km/L in urban cycles and 20.41 km/L under highway driving conditions. Notably, the fuel consumption achieved by the proposed design is competitive with that of existing HEV models on the commercial market.

並列關鍵字

Hybrid transmission ； systematic design approach ； mechanical reverse driving mode ； planetary gear trains ； computer simulation

參考文獻

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[5] Zhu, F., Chen, L., and Yin, C., 2013, “Design and analysis of a novel multimode transmission for a HEV using a single electric machine,” IEEE Transactions on vehicular technology, 62.3: 1097-1110.