戲曲與歌謠為素材之箏曲探析
－以《夜深沉》、《望秦川》、《古城之憶》為例

戲曲音樂出現並且運用於傳統戲劇中，用以襯托出劇中情節的人物情感與帶動劇情發展，戲劇演出的無形中也觸動了無數觀眾；臺灣歌謠則是存在於日常生活中，用以勞動工作或心情抒發，是平易近人也容易引起共鳴的音樂。在現今的音樂演奏裡，許多器樂作曲者將戲曲或歌謠當作譜曲素材單獨取出，並運用於創作之器樂曲進行演奏。所以戲曲與歌謠在當代不只出現於戲劇或平日生活，在藝術領域中更是以另一種形式豐富了大眾的聽覺感官，也拓展了器樂曲的作品風格範圍。研究內容從古箏歷史背景與型制的發展演變開始著手，接著為戲曲與歌謠元素應用於古箏之音樂特色，提出幾首箏樂曲作為舉例論述，並分析其中古箏所演奏的特點與音樂風格。其次為筆者透過本身的古箏演奏背景基礎，藉由以京劇曲牌為素材創作之古箏曲《夜深沉》、陝西同州梆子音樂特色創發之《望秦川》以及臺灣民謠編創之《古城之憶》三首箏樂曲為例，探析其中的創作理念、樂曲結構、應用效果、技法運用及風格特色等，從中探究作曲者如何將傳統戲曲與傳統歌謠融入當代古箏音樂中。期望透過本文研究成果能提供給箏樂同好或是戲曲與歌謠研究者參考。

關鍵字

古箏音樂；《夜深沉》；《望秦川》；《古城之憶》；戲曲音樂；臺灣歌謠

並列摘要

Today, in the performance of the Chinese Zither Music, many instrumental music composers separately extract Chinese Operas and Folk Songs as source materials for making music, and use them in the performance of the newly-created instrumental music. The author of this study analyzes Zither Music works using Chinese Operas and Folk Songs as source materials, such as “Yeh Shen Chen”, “Wang Qing Chun”, and “GU CHENG ZHI YI”. The analysist targets include the music background, musical forms, application effects, performance techniques and style characteristics. Then, this study is further extended to investigate the styles, characteristics, backgrounds and representativeness of the three Zither Music works in order to understand the effects brought forward by different music characteristics and how Zither Music composers Deduce works in different fields through Chinese Zither music syntax. It is hoped that the research results of this paper can provide reference for researchers studying Zither Music or Chinese Operas and Folk Songs.