混成動力機車靜液壓傳動系統之設計與製作

Design and Manufacture of Hydro-Mechanical Transmission System for Hybrid Electric Motorcycles

林英利(Ying-Li Lin)

指導教授 ： 鐘證達

共同指導教授 ： 許坤寶(Kuen-Bao Sheu)

國立虎尾科技大學/工程學院/機械與機電工程研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

本研究目的在介紹混成動力機車靜液壓傳動系統之設計，利用可變排量之液壓泵和固定排量之液壓馬達形成液壓傳動系統，達到換檔變速的需求，再將此液壓傳動系統和一個二自由度五桿行星齒輪組耦合型成一新型傳動系統。透過運動分析和功流分析篩選出無功回流之可用新型設計構想。
本研究以汽油引擎和電動馬達來當動力源，為了達到最佳性能和降低引擎排放污染，本研究提出的新型傳動系統有四種行車模式，包括(一)電動馬達模式，(二)引擎／發電模式，(三)動力模式和(四)煞車回充模式。從起步到低速時，由電動馬達提供動力，使引擎所產生之污染降低同時也達到省油之效果；中高速再切換成汽油引擎來作動力源。於動力模式時，同時以汽油引擎和電動馬達兩者之動力來驅動車輛，藉以得到更大的驅動力。引擎／發電模式時，係利用車輛於中高速巡航時，引擎所需負載較小，將電動馬達切換成發電機，再以引擎帶動發電機發電回充至電瓶，除了可藉由調整發電機來改變傳動系統輸出軸之輸出轉速，亦可發電回充至電瓶，使引擎運轉操作點在省油區域。而煞車回充模式則是利用車輛減速時，將車輛慣性之能量來驅動發電機發電回充至電瓶，達到回收能量。
本研究共提出六種新型混成動力機車傳動系統之構想，並以其中一種可行實例建立數學模型，使用Matlab ／ Simulink軟體進行性能模擬。本研究藉由調教傳動系統速比和引擎帶動發電機發電回充電瓶，讓引擎在較省油區域運轉。模擬結果顯示，由於車輛起步到低速行駛範圍由電動馬達來當動力源，而導致SOC值下降，然而中高速時利用引擎帶動發電機，不只可提升SOC值，亦可讓引擎在較省油區域運轉。為了讓電瓶SOC值保持在設定值，因此車速切換點需要依據不同行車型態作改變。

關鍵字

混成動力機車 ； 靜液壓傳動系統

並列摘要

This work presents an approach to design hydro-mechanical transmission system for hybrid electric motorcycle. By the use of infinitely variable displacement hydraulic pumps and motors, a greater speed range is achievable using analyses of kinematics and power flow. Equations for the speed ratio of the transmission are derived and a procedure for identifying whether internal recirculation of power flow exists or not.
The transmissions merge the power from two sources, a gasoline engine and an electric motor. The systems use four new concepts for different modes in order to optimize both performance and emissions: (1) electric-motor mode; (2) engine / charging mode; (3) power mode; and (4) regenerative braking mode. During starting up or operating at low speed, the motor is used as the power source to reduce emission and fuel consumption. When operating in the power mode, the powers of both the engine and electric motor are coupled together to drive the motorcycle. In the engine / charging mode, during moderate and high speeds, part of the engine power is transmitted to the wheel and the other part to the electric motor that is switched into a generator for charging the batteries. Not only by regulating the speed and load of the generator to change output speed of transmission but the generator can charge batteries, and it is possible to run the engine at an optimal operating condition. In the regenerative braking mode, during braking periods, the kinetic energy of the motorcycle is transmitted though the transmission to the generator to charge the batteries.
In this article, six new concepts of hybrid motorcycle transmission are proposed. Detailed mathematical models for the components in the hybrid electric motorcycle are constructed using the Matlab/Simulink environment. Adjusting transmission ratio and charging power from the engine help the engine operate in a fuel-economy region. The simulation results show that ,during starting up or operating at low speed, driving solely by the motor results in lower SOC, while, at moderate and high speeds, operating in engine/generator mode not only improves SOC but also helps the engine operate in a fuel-economy region. In order to constantly keep SOC of the battery within preset region, the switching point of car speed is subjective to change according to various driving modes.

並列關鍵字

hybrid electric motorcycle ； hydro-mechanical transmission system

參考文獻

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