混聯式液靜壓混合動力車輛控制

Control of Parallel-Series Hydrostatic Hybrid Vehicl

陳韋廷(Wei-Ting Chan)

指導教授 ： 邱國慶

國立虎尾科技大學/工程學院/機械與機電工程研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6827/NFU.2012.00172

摘要

本研究的目的在建立一結合「混聯式液靜壓傳動系統」與「並聯式混合動力系統」的「液靜壓傳動混合動力車輛」模擬系統及其行車模式控制策略。「液靜壓傳動系統」以一套液靜壓系統(含一對可變排量雙向液壓泵/液壓馬達及蓄壓器)和一個二自由度五桿行星齒輪組耦合形成一新型混聯式液靜壓傳動系統來取代傳統的無段變速器(Continuously Variable Transmission, CVT)，以達成最佳能源效率。由於液靜壓系統可快速且有效的回收大部份煞車應消耗能量，且於下次起動時協助動力馬達來加速車輛起動，與傳統變速系統相比，液靜壓傳動變速系統具有耗能低、加速性能佳、煞車保養減少、及電瓶壽命長等優點。
研究方法為利用Matlab&Simulink軟體將車輛各系統的運作以數學模式建構出一套車輛性能反向動態模型，並輸入現行法規之行車型態，模擬此液壓傳動混合動力車輛運行時各部元件之響應。由基本的規則式控制策略，模擬評估在不同系統設計參數或控制參數下，液壓傳動混合動力車輛性能之表現。最後利用基因演算法搜尋最佳的動力切換點，以達成最佳能源效率。
模擬分析結果顯示，使用蓄壓器回收能量，且利用基因演算法搜尋得到的最佳雙動力切換點方式，可讓混合動力車輛在電瓶飽電時以較高速行駛，又不會造成電量不足。而本研究所完成之液壓傳動混合動力車輛的電腦模擬程式，能迅速改變設計參數與控制參數，探討其對車輛性能影響，將有益於協助工程師改善設計，縮短研發時程。

關鍵字

液靜壓傳動系統 ； 混合動力系統 ； 無段變速 ； 基因演算法

並列摘要

In this thesis, a simulation of “hydrostatic transmission hybrid electric vehicle” with shift control scheme is developed by integrating a “parallel-series hydrostatic-transmission system”and a “parallel hybrid electric vehicle system”. The parallel-series hydrostatic-transmission system, using a 2-DOF planetary gear set to coupled with a hydrostatic package (consist of a reversible variable-displacement hydraulic pump/motor and accumulator), can replace the conventional continuously variable transmission (CVT) to optimize energy economy. With this hydrostatic system, nearly all of the energy typically lost during vehicle braking is captured and used to propel the vehicle the next time it needs to accelerate. Compare with conventional CVT system, the benefits of hydrostatic-transmission system include: better energy economy, better acceleration, less brake maintenance, and longer battery life.
By applying Matlab&Simulink software to build the related mathematic equations of sub-models, a backward vehicle dynamic model had been established by inputting the driving constraint criteria according to the present regulations to simulate the output responses of the components of the hybrid vehicle. This research uses basic rule-based strategy to simulate the hydrostatic transmission hybrid electric vehicle performance running in different parameters or the control strategies. For optimizing energy economy and smoothing shift control, a genetic algorithm (GA) based parameters optimization is proposed to choose the power sources swithing points in the hybrid system.
The simulation results showed that the use of accumulator in accumulating braking energy and two-source operation mode allows hybrid electric vehicle driving on high speed in a full-power battery status, and avoids the battery power insufficient status occurring. In summary, this research constructs a hydrostatic transmission hybridelectric vehicle simulation system. It provides the characteristics of changing the design parameters and the controlled parameters rapidly, and a quick reference for designing as well as shortening the designing procedure, which could reduce the hybrid vehicle cost and increase the commercial competitive ability of the products.

並列關鍵字

hydrostatic transmission system ； hybrid electric vehicle ； continuously variable transmission ； genetic algorithm

參考文獻

[2] 許源鏞、郭俊傑，“燃料電池混成動力系統控制策略之研究”，中國機械工程研討會第二十一屆全國學術研討會，Vol. 1, No.2, pp.1117-1122.國科會計畫NSC 93-2522-S-150-001，2004。

[5] Searl Dunn. H., Wojciechowski P.H., “High-Pressure Hydraulic Hybrid with Regenerative Braking,” Seventh Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference Proceedings. 1972.

[6] Buchwald, P., Christensen, H., Larsen, H., Pedersen, P. S., “Improvement of City bus Fuel Economy Using a Hydraulic Hybrid Propulsion System-a Theoretical and Experimental Study,” SAE Paper 790305, 1979.

[8] Wu, P., Luo, N. C., Fronczak, F. J. and Beachley, N. H., “Fuel Economy and Operating Characteristics of a Hydropneumatic Energy Storage Automobile,” SAE Paper 851678, 1985.

[12] 林英利，“混成動力機車靜液壓傳動系統之設計與製作”，國立虎尾科技大學機械與機電工程研究所碩士論文，2009。