多軸同動之光學量測路徑設計與實作

Design and Implementation of Multi-axis Optical Measuring Path

楊文山(Wen-Shan Yang)

指導教授 ： 佘振華

國立虎尾科技大學/工程學院/機械與機電工程研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

目前世界上有許多五軸加工機系統，但這些系統目前在國內外產業之中並無多軸校正技術以作為基準。而現有的商用技術方面，仍存在有缺點，例如API公司的多軸量測系統其精度低且成本昂貴，且僅有線性軸量測，而HP與RENISHAW則是要自設光路系統，導致成本之浪費，亦無法做五軸同動量測，且目前的標準與規範(ISO230-2)亦無考慮五軸同動校正，而本研究是以比較便宜的儀器，例如:利用雷射光、分光鏡、四象限的位置感測器(Quadrant Detector)以及三角雷射，使用CAM軟體依照所規劃之路徑轉換出CLS檔案，根據座標轉換矩陣所推導出來之數學模組轉換成工具機控制器可以讀取之NC程式，並實際在五軸工具機上進行量測。根據所規劃之路徑，可量測出五軸工具機的重複性。
本研究所發展出來的量測NC程式轉換介面可以應用在不同構型的五軸工具機，並且可針對雷射頭光源擺放位置、兩旋轉軸中心之間的偏置量、調整感測面與雷射頭光源的距離，均可輸入參數，達成即時修改，快速的產生量測NC程式路徑。

關鍵字

多軸 ； 光學量測 ； 路徑規劃

並列摘要

There are many 5-axis machine tool systems available worldwide, but these systems are not benchmarked by multi-axis calibration. Thus, disadvantages remain in current commercially applied technology, for example, API multi-spindle measuring system has low precision and high cost, with linear axis measurement only; HP and RENISHAW need autosetting optical system, which wastes cost and cannot perform 5-axis measurement simultaneously; current standards (ISO230-2) do not include 5-axis simultaneous calibration. This study used cheaper instruments, such as laser beam, beam splitter, Quadrant Detector and triangulation laser. CLS file according to planned path is exported by CAM software and then converted into CNC program using the mathematical model derived by coordinate transformation matrix. Moreover, it is actually measured on 5-axis machine tool. According to planned path, 5-axis machine tool repeatability can be measured.
The CNC program measurement conversion interface developed in this study can be applied in various structures of 5-axis machine tools. The position in alignment with laser source, offset between two rotation axis centers, and distance between sensing side and laser source can be adjusted by inputting parameters. The developed interface can realize instant modification and rapid generation of CNC program measuring path.

並列關鍵字

Multi-axis ； Optical Measurement ； Path Planning

參考文獻

[1]V. S. B. Kiridena and P. M. Ferreira, “Kinematic Modelling of Quasistatic Errors of Three-Axis Machining Centers”, Int. J. Mach. Tools Manufact, Vol. 34 No.1, 1994. pp.85-100.

[2]ISO 230-1, Acceptance code for machine tools, Part 1：geometric accuracy of machine operating under no-load or under finishing conditions, International Standard, 1986.

[3]ISO 230-2, Acceptance code for machine tools, Part 2：determination of accuracy and repeatability of positioning of numerically controlled machine tools, International Standard, 1988.

[4]ISO 230-3, Acceptance code for machine tools, Part 3：evaluation of thermal effects, International Standard, 1988.

[5]ISO 230-4, Acceptance code for machine tools, Part 4：circular measurements, International Standard, 1988.