五軸工具機誤差量測程式開發

Development of an Error Measurement Program for Five-Axis Machine Tool

陳炳輝(Bing-hui Chen)

指導教授 ： 佘振華

國立虎尾科技大學/工程學院/機械與電腦輔助工程系碩士班/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6827/NFU.2014.00170

摘要

五軸工具機發展至今已有數十年的時間，其加工精度受到靜態誤差與動態誤差所影響。而誤差量測路徑根據ISO/CD 10791-6 草案之檢測規範，需搭配高階控制器指令刀具中心點控制(Tool Center Point Control，TCP)的功能，對三種五軸工具機不同構型K1、K2與K4等同動檢測，但因國外商用高階控制器是管制品且價格昂貴，目前並不普及，因此有使用上的限制。
本系統使用Borland C++ Builder 6.0 為視窗程式開發工具，使用OpenGL繪圖函式庫建立虛擬工具機，使用者可依據不同需求勾選五軸虛擬工具機構型，建構各軸相對運動所對應的樹狀圖並且可直接匯入STL，利於建構虛擬工具機更加迅速。本文所開發的工具機誤差量

測程式實現於實際機台與虛擬工具機，可模擬與驗證具有TCP功能路徑檢測、無TCP功能路徑檢測以及自由曲面加工之程式路徑。
關鍵詞：刀具中心點控制、五軸工具機、OpenGL

關鍵字

刀具中心點控制 ； 五軸工具機 ； OpenGL

並列摘要

Abstract
Although five-axis machine tools have been in the market for decades, their processing precision has been affected by static and dynamic errors. According to the test specification set by ISO/CD 10791-6 draft, measuring the route deviation should be coupled with the high-end functions of Tool Center Point Control (TCP) for the co-motion test of the three types of five-axis machine tools - K1, K2 and K4. However, the foreign commercial high-end controllers are controlled items and very expensive, thus they have not been widely used, leading to its limited usage.
This study has developed a machine tool measuring program, which uses the homogeneous coordinate transformation matrix theory to obtain the five-axis machine tool's shaping function matrix and then goes through a inverse kinematics to deduce a mathematic model with parametric equations to control the motions of the machine tool's axes. This algorithm allows the controller without central cutting control point to execute co-motion test for the deviation data.
The Borland C++ Builder 6.0 with the Windows interface is used as the development tools, and the OpenGL graphics library is used to build a virtual machine tool. And then, the tree structure design graph is directly imported to STL to expedite the building of the virtual machine tool. According to the three different configurations, the simulation includes the functional route test with TCP, functional route test without TCP, and the programmed route for the freeform processing.

Keyword：Tool Center Point Control、OpenGL、 Five-axis machine tools

並列關鍵字

Tool Center Point Control ； OpenGL ； Five-axis machine tools

參考文獻

[26] 黃政傑，2012，“以刀具中心點控制為基的多軸加工刀具軸平滑化之研究”，國立虎尾科技大學機械與電腦輔助工程系碩士班，碩士論文。

[1] D. N. Reshetov and V. T. Portman,1988, “Accuracy of Machine Tools”, ASME press, New York. 。

[4] 楊文山, “多軸同動之光學量測路徑設計與實作”, 國立虎尾科技大學機械與機電工程研究所, 碩士論文, 2009。

[8] S. K. Ong, L. Jiang and A. Y. C. Nee, 2002, “An Internet-based Virtual CNC Milling System”, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp.20-30.

[12] 林彥宏, “五軸虛擬工具機模擬系統一般化建構之研究”, 國立成功大學機械工程學系, 碩士論文, 2004。