- 學位論文
嬰兒推車之輪胎結構與路障碰撞應力分析
Impact Analysis about Stroller Tire and Barrier
摘要
現今社會受到少子化影響，家中有嬰幼兒皆會使用嬰兒推車，其功能不僅在家中可使用出門在外更解決嬰幼兒代步之問題，除了代步外更注重安全性能；在推動過程中路面條件對輪胎結構與車輛性能有很大影響。輪胎分析通常假設路面為光滑平面，實際上路面有坑洞、突起障礙物或者顛坡路段等；當輪胎發生碰撞時，這些障礙使滾動輪胎產生碰撞力並透過輪胎傳送給車體，造成車輛之振動與行駛平穩性甚至危及乘客安全，在輪胎有限元分析方法中，輪胎模型往往是靜態模型或單一模型，而輪胎結構之許多重要性能是得在行駛過程中才能反應出來。 因此要模擬行駛過程中之性能是必須建立動態滾動的輪胎模型，並模擬輪胎碰撞到路面障礙之過程，故本文研究為嬰兒推車之輪胎結構三維時變接觸力學問題，以有限元素軟體COMSOL模擬輪胎碰撞路障之動態響應；本文使用實心輪胎與省料輪胎兩種輪胎形狀，並探討在節省材料下碰撞過程的應力反應，輪胎有橡膠、PVC兩種材質，並結合PVC、Nylon兩種材質之五系輪輻輪圈與三系輪輻輪圈進行分析；給予負載與速度使輪胎與路面障礙物相互碰撞，由分析結果討論輪圈結構粗細形狀與不同輪胎類型受路障碰撞應力大小與分佈情形。 嬰兒推車之輪胎結構與路障碰撞分析結果顯示，在輪圈材質部分五系輪輻與三系輪輻之輪圈使用Nylon材質其所受到碰撞反應之應力比PVC材質低；在輪圈結構部分五系輪輻與三系輪輻相比，由結果圖表中得出以三系輪輻作為輪圈結構其碰撞應力皆低於五系輪輻，顯示出輪圈之輪輻結構較粗者其抵抗碰撞之能力較佳；由三系與五系輪輻輪圈之橡膠、PVC與Nylon材質所組成整體輪胎結構，從兩者中得到以Nylon材質輪圈與省料輪胎所組成的輪胎結構與路障碰撞之等效應力低於文中其它配置，又以橡膠材質輪胎與三系Nylon材質之輪輻輪圈所組成的輪胎結構，可有效降低推動嬰兒推車行駛於道路上輪胎受到路障碰撞之應力反應。
並列摘要
Nowadays affected by the low birth rate, families with infants and young children are used stroller, its function can be used not only at home away from home more to solve the problem of infant travel, in addition to travel outside more focus on safety performance; road conditions in the promotion process structure and vehicle performance tire has a great influence. Analysis is generally assumed that the road tires for a smooth plane, in fact, the road has potholes, protruding obstacles or Britain slope sections, etc.; when the tire collision, these obstacles so that the rolling tire collision force and send it to the body through the tire, causing the vehicle vibration and driving stability even endanger the safety of passengers, the tire finite element analysis method, the tire model is often static model or a single model, but many important properties of the tire structure is obtained in the process of moving them to react. Therefore, to simulate the process of moving the performance is a must establish dynamic rolling tire model and simulate the process of tire bumping into obstacles of the road, so this study the three-dimensional structure of the stroller when a tire is changed contact mechanics, finite element simulation software COMSOL dynamic response barricades of tires collision; article uses two solid tires and tire tire shape and material, and to investigate the collision process is under stress reaction save material, tire rubber, PVC two materials, combined with PVC, Nylon two materials of five-spoke wheels Department spoke wheels with three lines were analyzed; given load and speed of the tire and road obstructions collide, the outcome of discussions by analyzing the shape and thickness of the rim structure of the different tire types are roadblocks size and distribution of the collision stress situations. Stroller tire structure and barricades of crash analysis showed that use of the material Nylon material part of its rim at the rim spoke with three lines of five lines spoke of the stress response of the collision by less than PVC material; five part series on the rim structure compared with the three lines of the spokes spokes, drawn from the results of the chart with three lines spoke rim structure as collision stresses are lower than its five-spoke system, showing the structure of coarser spoke rims its ability to resist collision better; Department consists of three lines with five-spoke wheels of rubber, PVC and Nylon material structure and composition of the whole tire, the tire structure obtained from both the material and the roadblocks to Nylon wheels and tires and material consisting of less than the equivalent stress collision Man in other configurations, Youyi tire and tire rubber material Nylon material structure of three lines consisting spoke wheels, which can effectively reduce the push strollers on a road tire barricades by the collision response.