自行車半主動式避震器之研究

由於全球自行車需求量逐年增加，高價位高功能性之關鍵零組件為一重要發展方向，其中避震器便扮演了相當重要的角色，其功能特性影響整體車輛之操控性、舒適性及安全性等，甚至直接影響整體車輛評價。　　為了確保騎乘時之舒適性及安全性，因此騎乘者常需依路況將避震器調整為較柔軟或較僵硬之狀態，以利系統在正確時機耗散振動能量為達到上述功能，在市售產品中多數為可調整設計，但仍需以手動調整避震器至柔軟、僵硬或鎖定位置，此舉對於騎乘於較複雜之路面狀況時，相當不便利，甚至影響騎乘者之安全性。　　本研究提出一種創新半主動式避震器，其特性為提供阻尼之自動調整功能，且其調整範圍可自完全鎖定至極柔軟狀態，不須使用任何電力控制。本研究整理及探討多種避震器之數學及有限元素模型，並針對所提設計進行數學模型建模、分析、及模擬，也利用有限元素分析進行模擬及部分實驗驗證。　　由於避震器內部包含相當複雜之流固耦合作用，在有限元素分析模型方面，本研究採用ADINA R&D公司之套裝軟體ADINA，實現避震器內部流體與固體交互作用之狀態，包含各腔室中之流體、活塞之位移、簧片式閥門之變形或插閥式閥門之位移等，並繪製相關圖表，最後將互相比較各種模擬方式之差異，以及所提設計之特性，並探討避震器之實驗結果。

關鍵字

自行車；避震器；阻尼係數；流固耦合

並列摘要

Since the quantity raises of bicycles demands per year, the most important direction of development is developing key components of bicycle which is high price and functional. The shock absorber is also playing an important role. It`s not only affect the controllability, comfort and safe directly, but also determine the value of bicycles. Global demands for bicycles increase continuously in recent years, driving the research and development strategy on key components toward a functional- and performance-driven direction. Shock absorbers are of great importance in riding safety since they significantly influence the bicycle controllability and comfortability. Riders usually have to manually tune the absorbers into soft or stiff modes according to or before the road condition changes, not convenient nor safe for riders. This research collects and categorizes several shock absorber types as well as their mathematical models, and proposes an innovative design of a semi-active shock absorber, which is capable of altering its damping coefficient automatically without any electricity. The finite element analysis software ADINA is utilized in this study to model the fluid-structure interaction in the absorber, presenting the oil in chambers, piston displacements and shim valve openings. Theoretical modeling and analysis are revealed in this research, and are further compared with finite element model and experiments.

並列關鍵字

bicycle ； shock absorber ； damping ； fluid-structure interaction

參考文獻

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國際替代計量

自行車半主動式避震器之研究

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