五軸工具磨床主軸熱變位補償系統開發

The study of thermal displacement compensation of spindle for 5-axis tool grinder

張家銘(Chia - Ming Chang)

指導教授 ： 李炳寅

國立虎尾科技大學/工程學院/機械與機電工程研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

近年來工具機隨著加工業與3C產業不斷的成長而蓬勃發展。在這些大規模的需求背後，間接的對於精密刀具的使用上也相對的提升。由於工具磨床主要以生產機械加工所需的精密端銑刀具，因此本文將針對如何提升工具磨床的加工精度作探討，由於工具磨床整體結構上有別於一般的工具機，本身除了軸向的組裝精度高之外，在軸向結構上也較為特殊。目前在研磨刀具時，因主軸熱變位的影響使得刀具研磨精度產生不穩定的現象，直接影響到刀具的研磨效率與良率，因此本研究首先利用溫度感測頭與三角測距儀對工具磨床的主軸進行熱變位的數據擷取，將擷取數據經過擬和方程式的計算，可得知主軸溫度變化所對應的熱變位值。再以Visual Basic撰寫即時刀具研磨精度補償程式與刀具研磨軟體以及控制器做系統整合，最後再進行實際刀具研磨驗證實驗，由驗證實驗可得知，在即時刀具研磨補償時，第3支刀具以後呈現較穩定的趨勢。其刀具外徑尺寸變化的其標準差為0.005㎜以內，故本文得擬和方程式可有效解決刀具研磨時因主軸熱變位導致刀具研磨精度不佳的問題，可立即對刀具研磨有改善效果，故此系統可進一步提升五軸工具磨床的整體研磨精度。

關鍵字

工具磨床 ； 主軸熱變位 ； 研磨精度

並列摘要

In recent years machines have rapidly grown due to the distinct advancement of processing industry and 3C industrial. Behind these large-scale demands, precision tool's use has been also promoted indirectly. Because the tool grinder is mainly used to produce the precision end mills for the machine-finishing needs, the aim of this article is to promote the processing accuracy of tool grinders. Since the construction of tool grinders is different with the common machine. Besides the high precision of axial installations, the axial structure is also special. At present when the cutting tool is ground, the cutting tool attrition precision has the unstable phenomenon because of the thermal displacement of spindles. That will immediately influence cutting tool's grinding efficiency and quality. Therefore firstly the thermal displacement of spindle has been measured by the temperature sensor and the Laser displacement sensor. The acquired data will be processed to obtain the correlation equation which describes the relationship between the axial temperature change and thermal displacement. This equation serves as compensation equation and is integrated with the grinding program and controller. Finally the experimental verification has been carried out by grinding cutters. The results have shown that the 3rd cutting tool will later present the stable tendency with the aid of real time compensation. The standard deviation of the outside dimension change of a cutting tool is less than 0.005 mm. With the proposed method and equation resulting from this investigation, the error of thermal displacement of spindle has been obviously reduced and the precision of ground cutters has been also enhanced effectively. That will be benefit for the grinding precision of the 5-axis tool grinders.

並列關鍵字

Tool grinder ； thermal displacement of spindle ； grinding precision

參考文獻

[13]林建忠， 雷射測距技術與研究現況，1999。

[1]張銘雄，工具機溫升熱變形及補償之控制研究，私立中原大學機 械工程研究所，碩士論文，2003。

[10]施登科，PC-Based工具磨床再研磨自動化程式開發，虎尾科技大學機械與機電工程研究所，碩士論文，2005。

[11]鍾林樹，碳化鎢端铣刀研磨製程規劃與分析，國立虎尾科技大學，機械與機電工程研究所，碩士論文，2006。

參考文獻