雲林縣高職綜合職能科學生休閒活動參與與休閒阻礙之研究

Yunlin Senior High School in Special Education Class for Leisure Participation and Leisure Constraints

黃才容(Tsai-Jung Huang)

指導教授 ： 王文瑛

國立虎尾科技大學/管理學院/企業管理系經營管理碩士在職專班/碩士(2016年)

摘要

本研究在探討休閒活動參與與休閒阻礙之關係，以雲林縣高職綜合職能科學生為研究對象，分析雲林縣高職綜合職能科學生的不同背景變項在休閒活動參與與休閒阻礙的差異性，以及雲林縣高職綜合職能科學生在休閒活動參與與休閒阻礙兩者的相關性。
本研究採取普查方式進行問卷調查，採用李克特五點尺度量表，發出214份問卷，回收有效問卷205份，回收率96％。蒐集資料後，以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、相關分析等統計方法予以分析，研究結果指出雲林縣高職綜合職能科學生個人背景在休閒活動參與與休閒阻礙上部分有顯著差異。在個人背景變項中:在障礙類別與障礙程度中，以輕度智能障礙類學生比例高於中度智能障礙類學生；在家庭組織型態中多為雙親家庭的組織型態；家庭社經地位分布情形，以小康以上收入家庭為最多；在性別中，以男性比例略高於女性；在年級分布情形，以一年級學生為最多，其次為二年級，最少為三年級學生；在居住鄉鎮分布情形，以居住在斗六市為最多；在主要照顧者分布情形，以媽媽為主要照顧者為最多；最常跟誰一起休閒活動分布情形，以同學為最常一起休閒活動為最多。
在休閒活動參與構面中，不同「障礙類別障礙程度｣在休閒活動參與構面中，輕度智能障礙學生與中度智能障礙學生在「社交類｣的休閒活動參與具有顯著差異；不同「家庭組織型態」在休閒活動參與構面中，大家庭在休閒活動參與的「康樂類」有顯著差異，單親家庭在休閒活動參與的「康樂類」、「社交類」有顯著差異；不同「年級｣在休閒活動參與構面中，三年級學生分別與一年級學生、二年級學生在休閒活動參與的「體能類」有顯著差異。三年級學生與一年級學生在休閒活動參與的「藝能類」有顯著差異。
在休閒阻礙構面主要因素為「人際間阻礙」，其次是「結構性阻礙」，最後是「個人內在阻礙」。休閒阻礙對雲林縣綜合職能科學生而言，在對自己的身體、體能較不受其影響。而學生在結構阻礙中會受到天氣氣候影響，其次是不主動邀約別人及不被邀約影響。不同「家庭社經地位｣在休閒阻礙構面中，中低收入戶的家庭社經地位與小康的家庭社經地位，在休閒阻礙的「人際阻礙｣具有顯著差異。
同時雲林縣高職綜合職能科學生在休閒阻礙對休閒活動參與有顯著相關，例如:休閒阻礙中的「人際阻礙｣對於「體能類｣的休閒參與具有顯著相關。
根據研究結果提供相關建議，以供未來研究參考之用，並讓本研究者能在學校第一線的教學現場的教學實務上，教育學生休閒參與相關的知識養成及實務體驗，並降低學生休閒活動參與的阻礙，期能提供更多元的休閒教育，選擇適性的休閒活動，豐富其休閒生活。

關鍵字

休閒活動參與 ； 休閒阻礙 ； 高職綜合職能科

並列摘要

This study is to explore relationship between leisure participation and leisure constraints. It used students from special class in vocational senior high school in Yunlin County as research subjects to analyze the differences of leisure participation and leisure constraints with variables of different background and correlation of leisure participation and leisure constraints.
This study adopted purposive sampling method to conduct survey and used Likert Scale while distributing 214 questionnaires and retrieved 205 valid questionnaires with response rate of 96%. After collecting data, it used statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, independent-samples t test, One-way ANOVA and relevant analysis to analyze. The results indicated that there are significant differences in leisure participation and leisure constraints on personal background from students in special class in vocational senior high school in Yunlin County. In variables of personal background: in category of disability and level of disability, the ratio of students with mild mental retardation is higher than students with moderate mental retardation; in form of family, most of them are in form of two-parents families; for the distribution of socioeconomic status, most of them are middle-class families; in the gender, the ratio of males is slightly higher than females; for the distribution of grades, first-grade students are the most, followed by second grade and third-grade students are the least; for the distribution of living area, most of them live in Douliou City; for the distribution of primary caregiver, most caregivers are mainly mothers; for distribution of doing leisure activities with whom most often, most of them do leisure activities with classmates most often.
For the perspectives of leisure participation, in the perspective of leisure participation with different “category of disability and level of disabilit”, there is a significant difference in students with mild mental retardation and moderate mental retardation on “social” leisure activities participation; in the perspective of leisure participation with different “form of family”, there is a significant difference in “recreational” leisure activities participation for extended families while there are significant differences in “recreational” and “social” leisure activities participation for one-parent families; in the perspective of leisure participation with different “grade”, there is a significant difference in “physical” leisure activities participation of third-grade students from first-grade and second-grade students. There is a significant difference in “artistic” leisure activities participation of third-grade students from first-grade students.
For the perspectives of leisure constraints, the main factor is “interpersonal constraints”, followed by “structural constraints” and “personal internal constraints” is the last. For students from special class in vocational senior high school in Yunlin County, there is less effects on their own bodies and physical in leisure constraints. However, in structural constraints, students would be subject to weather followed by not to invite someone actively or not to be invited. for the perspective of leisure constraints with different “socioeconomic status”, there is a significant difference in “interpersonal constraints” from leisure constraints for socioeconomic status with mid-income families and socioeconomic status with mid-class families.
In the meantime, there are significant correlations between leisure constraints and leisure participation for students from special class in vocational senior high school in Yunlin County. For example, there is a significant correlation between “interpersonal constraints” from leisure constraints and “physical” leisure activities participation.
According to results of the study, it provided relevant recommendations as a reference for future researches. It also lets the researcher of this study to educate students relevant knowledge development and practical experience in leisure participation on practical teaching in the front line at teaching site in school and reduce constraints in leisure participation for students. It expected to provide more diverse recreational education, adaptive selection of leisure activities to enrich their leisure life.

並列關鍵字

leisure participation ； leisure constraints ； special class in vocational senior high school

參考文獻

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