車載線傳FlexRay通訊網路架構之系統研製與可靠度分析

近年來，現代化的汽車由於舒適性與安全性的需求與要求，而結合了多個感測器、驅動器和電子控制單元(ECU)，導致車用的電子控制單元數量急速增加。因此對於高速率的資料傳輸、確定性及容錯性的要求必須比現在常見的車用控制網路通訊協定如控制器區域網路(CAN)和區域互連網路(LIN)來的更高；故高速、靈活的FlexRay協定便在此環境需求下產生，尤其是通信的可用性、可靠度和資料頻寬，非常適合於引擎動力系統、底盤控制和車體控制等之線控操作(X-by-Wire)應用。本論文主要研究與實現一個以FlexRay為通訊骨幹之車輛駕駛線控系統平台，並研發駕駛線傳電控通訊系統界面設計與網路整合之關鍵性技術，進而分析與評估車載線傳電控網路之工作時序與系統性能。本論文首先藉由分析FlexRay通訊協定的靜態區段時槽(Time Slot)之時間特性與同步/非同步系統之時序差異，以瞭解FlexRay之通訊特性與工作時序，接著設計與實現車輛駕駛線控系統之界面功能與網路平台，以整合線控轉向(steer-by-wire)和線控油門(throttle-by-wire)的線傳功能。其中，線控轉向系統是把方向盤和車輪之間聯繫的機械式結構改換成電子設備來控制車輪的轉向；而線控油門則把傳統的拉動油門線控制引擎節氣閥的開合，改為透過電子訊號來控制油門。最後進行整體系統之整合測試與時序分析，以驗證及評估本論文所設計的FlexRay線傳網路系統之可行性和可靠度。

關鍵字

FlexRay ；電子控制單元；線傳操作；駕駛線控；線控轉向；線控油門

並列摘要

In recent years, in order to meet the requirements of comfortable and safe upgrades, the modern vehicles include the more electronic controller, sensors and drivers and lead to the rapid increase of vehicular electronic control units. Therefore, the automotive communication network is greatly increased the engineering and technical complexity for data transmission. FlexRay protocol is proposed to provide the high-speed communication system with high flexibility and reliability between electronic control units for automotive applications. In this paper, the networking platform is proposed and developed to implement a vehicular drive-by-wire system, which uses FlexRay Protocol as the backbone of data communication. This drive-by-wire system is designed and integrated by steer-by-wire and throttle-by-wire functions. The steer-by-wire system is used to replace the mechanical structure between the steering wheel and the wheels into electronic equipment to control the wheel steering. Then, the throttle-by-wire system is proposed to substitute the traditional pull throttle cable to control the engine valve opening and closing for electronic signals to control the throttle. Furthermore, this drive-by-wire system is integrated and networked by four ECU nodes to achieve the steer-by-wire, and throttle-by-wire control. In conclusion, the drive-by-wire system platform is constructed by integrating the steer-by-wire and throttle-by-wire functions based on FlexRay communication to illustrate and evaluate the feasibility and performance of the proposed network architecture for vehicular applications in this paper.

並列關鍵字

FlexRay ； ECU ； X-by-Wire ； drive-by-wire ； steer-by-wire ； throttle-by-wire

參考文獻

[1]Jianmin Duan, Liang Zhu, and Yongchuan Yu, “Research on FlexRay communication of Steering-by-Wire system,” Proc. 2009 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 3-5 June, 2009, pp. 824-828.

Google Scholar

[2]Tae-Yoon Moon, Suk-Hyun Seo, Jin-Ho Kim, Sung-Ho Hwang and Jae Wook Jeon, “Gateway System with Diagnostic Function for LIN, CAN and FlexRay,” Proc. International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, 17-20 Oct., 2007, pp. 2844-2849.