兒童安全座椅之衝撞模擬測試與改良設計分析研究

Crash Simulation Test and Improvement on Design Analysis of Child Safety Seat

童景隆(Jing-Long Tong)

指導教授 ： 林瑞璋

國立虎尾科技大學/工程學院/機械與機電工程研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

當汽車緊急煞車或遭到撞擊後，兒童安全座椅之底座若因受衝擊而變形或破裂，將嚴重影響幼兒之安全，故其結構強度之設計更顯其重要性。本文將研究兒童安全座椅之底座結構強度，其設計參數包含：底座之厚度、肋片分佈及形狀。
本研究之衝撞測試採用車輛研究測試中心之伺服加速模擬系統，模擬車速以50km/hr撞擊剛性牆，並搭配高速攝影機，紀錄測試中兒童安全座椅之變形或斷裂過程。其次利用Solidworks建構3D之圖形，再以有限元素分析軟體Visaul-Mesh建立有限元素模型及PAM-Crash作動態衝擊之模擬分析，探討破壞之情況。將分析結果與實體進行比對，其破裂路徑與分佈90%吻合。以此參數設定分析兒童安全座椅改良結構之強度，使之可通過法規測試，提供將來業者設計之參考。

關鍵字

兒童安全座椅 ； 衝撞測試 ； 有限元素分析

並列摘要

When a car is crashed or stops urgently, the Child Safety Seat may be deformed or cracked, which will lead to an effect harming the child seriously. Under the circumstances, the importance of the structure design becomes valued noticeably. Therefore, this study will analysis the structure strength by FEM. The design parameters are as follows: the thickness of the Child Safety Seat and the form and the arrangement of the ribs. Firstly, the study shows the possible damages of the Child Safety Seat structure after being under crashes, then uses the results of crash test to compare the differences. First, the study uses Solidworks to build a 3D graphic and sets up a finite-elements model and a dynamic imitation analysis based on the finite-elements analysis software, PAM-Crash, in order to explore the conditions under destructions.
The tests are based on the servo accelerating simulation system of Automotive Research and Testing Center (ARTC), simulating the speed of 50km/hr to bump to rigid wall. With the high-speed cameras, the process of the deformation or the fracture of the Child Safety Seat are also thoroughly recorded. In the end, the results are compared to FEM: it turns out that the difference is only 10%. Therefore, the study could be a reference of the design for the Child Safety Seat industry.

並列關鍵字

Child Safety Seat ； Crash Test ； Finite Element Analysis

參考文獻

[1] 美國高速公路交通安全局 , http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/

[2] 經濟部標準檢驗局 , http://www.bsmi.gov.tw/wSite/index.jsp

[3] K. B. Abogast, E. K. Moll, D. M. Shannon and F. k. Winston, "Chold Occupant Protection: A Summary of Current Safety Recommendations," ESI, Vol 8, NO.4, pp.142-148(2001).

[4] Gerardo Olivares, Pankaj Amesar, "Implementaion of ISOFIX and LATCH Equiped Automotive Child Restraint Systems in an aircraft Environment," Australian Transport Safety Bureau, Paper Number 07-0367(2007).

[5] Gau Wei, Deng Jau Wen, "Modeling of Child Restraint System and Simulation of Design Parameters in Vehicle Side Impact," Journal of Hubei Automotive Industries Institute, Vol.22 No.04, pp.13-17(2008).