漢語準動結式複合動詞的句法語意研究

V-A Pseudo-Resultative Compounds in Mandarin Chinese

謝瑋舫

指導教授 ： 劉辰生

國立交通大學/人文社會學院/外國語文學系外國文學與語言學研究所/碩士(2018年)

摘要

本研究旨在分析漢語準動結式複合詞的句法語意，在過去漢語動結式複合詞的研究中，一個動詞及形容詞組合成的 「動作－結果」複合詞其形容詞可作為動詞論元的謂語。然而，本文所探討的準動結式複合詞並不適用這樣的分析，例如句子「張三捆緊了木柴」中的「捆緊」此一複合詞，其形容詞「緊」無法和動詞「捆」的論元建立修飾關係，也就是說，結果形容詞無法作為主詞「張三」或是受詞「木柴」的修飾語。 在Levinson (2010) 關於英語的假結果句的研究中， 動詞的詞根 (root) 被分析為形容詞所修飾的對象，此動詞的詞根會和一帶有「重新結構」語意的輕動詞以及關係中心語(relational head) 合併。本文基於Levinson (2010) 對漢語準動結式複合詞提出下列分析，(i) 根據散佈構詞學 (Distributed Morphology) (Halle and Marantz 1993) 的理論，漢語準動結式複合詞中，動詞的詞根為形容詞之修飾對象，(ii) 動詞的詞根有提供「重新結構」的語意之功能，(iii) 此詞根提供形容詞一個可修飾的維度(dimension)，(iv) 詞根會和兩個輕動詞CAUSE及BECOME結合形成動詞。

關鍵字

準動結式複合動詞 ； 散佈構詞學 ； 詞根

並列摘要

This thesis aims to investigate the verb-adjective (i.e., V-A) pseudo-resultative compounds in Mandarin Chinese, such as kun-jin ‘bind-tight’. As previous studies indicate, in Chinese, what is modified by the adjective of V-A resultative compounds can be the subject DP or the object DP. However, little attention has been paid to the V-A pseudo-resultative compounds in which a modification relation between the resultative adjective and the argument of the verb cannot be established. The analysis argues that, in line with Distributed Morphology (Halle and Marantz 1993), the root of the verb is modified by the adjective, as proposed in Levinson (2010) for pseudo-resultative predicates in English. In considering the characteristic that the V component is always found to have a classifier counterpart, I propose that the roots are “reconfiguration roots” that have compatible dimensions for the A component to measure. In addition, the reconfiguration root combines with two light verbs CAUSE and BECOME. The derived the verb denotes an reconfiguring event, and the event causes a reconfiguration state which can be modified by the adjective.

並列關鍵字

Pseudo-resultative compound ； Distributed Morphology ； Root

參考文獻

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