當兇手是好人時：以混合情緒與情感傾向探討道德模糊犯罪劇的享樂感

When a Killer is a Good Man: The Enjoyment of Crime Drama in the Perspective of Moral Ambiguity, Mixed Emotions, and Affective Disposition.

詹亭華(Ting-Hua Chan)

指導教授 ： 陶振超

國立交通大學/人文社會學院/傳播研究所/碩士(2018年)

摘要

長久以來，犯罪題材的盛行歷久不衰，人們為什麼會喜歡看充滿犯罪事件的犯罪劇？一直是娛樂媒介研究中未釐清的問題。過去雖然有許多犯罪劇研究，卻大多研究其效果，少數研究試圖解開犯罪劇享樂感謎題，以暴力、正義伸張、情感傾向和道德判斷來解釋，卻都未能引發後續研究探討，使犯罪劇享樂感背後機制依然眾說紛紜。
本研究將犯罪劇定義為包含受害者、犯罪者與調查者的核心角色、故事發展與正義伸張三個要素組成，將過去被視為不同分類的推理、偵探劇等類別，重新納入犯罪劇的架構之下，並操控核心角色中的受害者與犯罪者角色特質，以及正義伸張，檢視它們對犯罪劇享樂感的影響。
實驗為組內2（受害者好／壞）X 2（犯罪者好／壞）X 組間2（懲罰有／無）的混合設計，來測量參與者的情感傾向、混合情緒與道德判斷，是否會導致觀看後的享樂感與欣賞感產生，並以同理心作為共變項。在實驗測量上，不只使用單題享樂感題目，還加入情感與認知兩種維度的享樂感題組，進一步檢視犯罪劇享樂感在情感和認知上是否有差異。另外，除了自我報告問卷，也加入生理測量儀器來記錄皮膚電導反應以及臉部肌電的活動，檢視參與者實驗過程中直接的喚起與正負面情緒的變化。
研究結果發現，受害者好壞Ｘ犯罪者好壞Ｘ有無懲罰只對情感享樂感有顯著效果。無論有無懲罰，好犯罪者的情感享樂感都較高，部分符合混合情緒假設，越是道德模糊的狀況會引起更多的混合情緒，進而導致更多的享樂感。

關鍵字

道德模糊 ； 犯罪劇 ； 情感傾向 ； 混合情緒 ； 享樂感 ； 生理心理測量

並列摘要

Why do people like crime drama? It’s still an unexplained question in media entertainment research. Although there were many studies of crime drama in the past, most of them studied its effects. A few studies tried to solve the mystery of the enjoyment of crime drama, explaining it by violence, justice, affective disposition and moral judgment, but none of them led to further studies. There are still different opinions on the mechanism behind the sense of enjoyment in the crime drama.
In this study, we define the crime drama constructed by three elements: 1) central roles， which include the victim, the offender, and the investigator；2) the development of the story；and 3) the justice. By manipulating the victim's and offender's characteristics and justice We examined their impact on the enjoyment of crime drama.
The experiment employed a 2 (Victim Good / Bad) X 2 (Offender Good / Bad) X 2 (punishment / no punishment) mixed factorial design, measure the participants' affective disposition, mixed emotions, and moral judgments, and whether it led to enjoyment and appreciation after viewing. And take the empathy as the covariant. In the experimental measurement, we use two groups of enjoyment questions to measure participants’ affective and cognitive enjoyment. Also, we use physiological measurement instruments were added to record the skin conductance and facial electromyography, and to examine the direct arousal and changes in positive and negative emotions during the experiment.
The results show that only affective enjoyment has a significant effect. Whether there is punishment or not, the affective enjoyment of good offenders is higher, partly in accordance with the assumption of mixed emotions, the more ambiguous the moral situation will lead to more mixed emotions and then lead to more enjoyment.

並列關鍵字

moral ambiguity ； crime drama ； affective disposition ； mixed emotions ； enjoyment ； physiological and psychological measurement

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