以財務指標剖析第四方物流產業的競爭優勢及策略軌跡

當全球產業進入微利時代，商業活動也由傳統式單一管道進化為進入全方位。而在利潤來源減少後，企業如何善用物流這塊降低成本的最後區塊，就成為重要課題。對整體供應鏈物流產業而言，因應商業行為改變，預期也正發生著巨大的變化，甚而可能帶動供應鏈整體產業版塊的更新翻轉與移動。整體供應鏈物流產業，誠如超競爭理論中愛麗絲夢遊仙境的紅皇后所言，在不斷向前移動的地表上，若不欲停駐於原地，必得跑得比目前變動的速度還快一倍以上。藉由故事隱喻不斷進化的競爭環境下，所有的企業個體，若不思前進，就可能被遠抛於後。本研究以已見雛形的第四方物流概念產業為主要研究標的，汲取貝氏認識論（Bayesian Epistemology），藉由杜邦恒等式財務指標證據的＂果＂，以因素分析萃取及集群分析，進行財務構面的縮減，以檢驗並探討指標性企業的策略抉擇及競爭優勢或劣勢的＂因＂，並以企業經營軌跡為輔，推論產業競爭過程中新舊策略族群的版塊變化。關鍵詞：超競爭理論、第四方物流、杜邦恒等式、貝氏認識論、破壞式創新、資源論

關鍵字

超競爭理論；第四方物流；杜邦恒等式；貝氏認識論；破壞式創新；資源論

並列摘要

As the global industry entered the era of “Tiny Drop” (low profit), commercial activities also evolved from a traditional single channel to omni from all dimensions. In the circumstance of profit source is graduately dried out and reduced, how to make good utilization of logistics the last block to reduce costs, has become an important issue nowaday. For the overall supply chain logistics industries, in response to mega changes in business behavior, logistics are also undergoing tremendous changes, and may even drive the overall sectors of the supply chain industries to flip and move. For overall supply chain logistics industries, it is similar as what the red queen said to Alice in the Novel of “Alice in Wonderland” as also well-known to hyper-competition theory: "Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place. If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at least twice as fast as that!" Just like the story metaphors that the competitive environment which is constantly evolving, all enterprises or individuals, once if they do not think about how to struggling to run for survive, may be left behind. This study takes the fourth-party logistics concept industry that has already taken shape as the main research target, and draws on Bayesian Epistemology. With the "Result" performance of financial indicators on DuPont's identity, through the factor and cluster analysis, we will reduce the level of financial structure to test and explore what is the "Cause" of strategic choices of the designed enterprises and their competitive advantage or disadvantage. Supplemented by the trajectory and inferred the changes of the old and new strategic groups in the process of industrial competition. Keywords: Hyper-competition theory, Fourth party logistics, DuPont identity, Bayesian Epistemology, Disruptive Innovation, Resource theory