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  • 學位論文

上行過載多天線系統之多維度信號設計與解碼

Multidimensional Signal Design and Decoding for Overloaded MIMO Uplink Systems

指導教授 : 蘇育德

摘要


本論文研究的問題在於稀疏碼多工存取技術(SCMA)的多維度信號以及如何分配頻分資源(time frequency resource),以達到較佳的編碼簿(codebook)設計。另外我們也將我們的環境推廣至無允諾(grant-free)上行的多天線系統中,並且探討如何修正架構與化簡計算複雜度,來使我們的系統更加可行。我們考慮的系統為過載(overloaded)系統,並假設每個頻分資源都有2 個使用者信號在使用,這樣的假設是為了配合系統中有1 個eMBB 的使用者與1 個URLLC 的使用者使用的假設。 在SCMA 的codebook 設計方面,我們採用了交織多工技術(IDMA)中使用 chip-interleaved 的方法來做,可以發現如果多維度信號是一樣的情況下,此方式得到收斂的結果會較佳。在多維度信號設計的部分,我們提出利用layer spreading的方法來設計我們多維度信號的問題。藉由這種方法我們提出LSC 與LSNC 這兩種方式來設計我們的多維度信號,並且說明其如何設計,以及驗證我們的方法得到的結果有較佳的情況。 除此之外,為了使我們的系統有更好的效能,我們考慮問題延伸至多天線系統。我們採用joint message passing algorithm (JMPA)的方法來解碼,但發現其恆存在small loopy cycle 的問題。透過適當的方法,我們發現疊代的過程中加入適當的限制,可以解決此問題並讓模擬曲線可以收斂。此外我們也了解到在這樣的情況下,計算複雜度其實過大,因此我們也探討一些化簡複雜度的方法,如:max log, Gaussian approximation(GA)等,但相對而言系統效能會變差,因此我們也探 討這邊要取捨的問題。 最後,我們也將我們的codebook 的信號星座大小(constellation size)推廣至16,並且跟更多的codebook 做比較。我們發現真正符合我們的分析實際上是在沒有錯誤更正碼的情況下,當有錯誤更正碼的情況下,實際最佳的codebook 會隨錯誤更正碼與碼率而有所不同。因此我們有說明如果要真正用在有錯誤更正碼的情況下,我們需要EXIT chart 的圖表來快速協助我們做分析。

並列摘要


We investigate the sparse coded multiple access (SCMA) codebook design and related decoding problem in uplink SISO and MIMO systems. SCMA is an overloaded multiple access scheme which allows multiple users to share the same transmission resource. The major part of our study focus on the system with overloading factor of one, i.e., each time-frequency resource is assigned to two users. Our scheme can be used in regular MA systems and is applicable to grant free (GF) ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) uplink system if the MA protocol is properly designed. We develop two SCMA codebook design methods for systems using constellations of size M = 2^N. In particular, we prove that our design is better than some existing systems when the constellation is 8 and verify that the constellation-rotation based SCMA schemes cannot provide performance enhancement in an fading channel. To enhance the reliability, we extend our study to uplink MIMO systems. Decoding of MIMO-SCMA signals can be performed over a joint sparse factor graph. But there exists small cycle in the decoding graph and convergence may not occur. We propose the constraint equation to overcome the convergence problem. Complexity-reduction method is developed and modified symbol level Gaussian approximation in systems using higher order constellation SCMA codebook to replace the conventional bit level Gaussian approximation is also presented. We derive the pairwise error probability bound to analyze the uncoded SCAM system's performance and the EXIT chart approach to analyze the performance of coded SCMA systems.

參考文獻


[1] M. C. Chang and Yu T. Su, "Overloaded multiple access systems: A generalized model and a low-complexity multiuser decoder," in Proc. IEEE 2016 9th International Symposium on Turbo Codes and Iterative Information Processing (ISTC), Brest, France, Sep. 2016.
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