高層建築物避難弱者電梯避難安全分析之研究 -以使用輪椅輔助為例

全球人口正以前所未有的速度老化中。老年人的年老體衰，再加上先天遺傳、後天致殘等原因，導致避難弱者人口數的持續成長。隨著經濟與社會發展趨勢，人口集中而建築物高樓化。當高層建築物發生火災時，部分避難弱者仍能藉由安全梯道逃生，但仰賴輪椅逃生的避難弱者，勢必僅能藉由電梯逃生。本研究以台北市南港區某高層國際商務旅館為研究對象，針對使用輪椅輔助的避難弱者於高層建築物使用電梯避難逃生安全規劃作研究。使用人員緊急疏散模擬工程軟體Pathfinder進行情境模擬推演結果，與ELVAC昇降機避難運輸評估模式推算數據做對照比較，藉以探討有關避難弱者收容於高層建築物時，應考量樓層安排、人數控制及房間位置設定之建議。以Pathfinder電腦模擬及ELVAC手算公式比較後發現，電腦模擬考量輪椅寬度於通過門時會減速而比手算公式的時間慢，顯見電腦模擬較嚴謹務實。而同一樓層避難弱者會因分配客房之間的距離，造成較長的避難時間，其主因為步距過長而必須搭乘第二趟次的電梯。而兩位避難弱者在同一樓層和不同樓層的分配比較下，其影響避難時間主因同樣為搭乘電梯的趟數。本研究亦模擬避難弱者與非避難弱者同時進行避難，會因彼此影響而降低避難速度，且拉長避難時間，因此電腦模擬與實際狀況較相符。使用輪椅的避難弱者在他人協助下逃生會更快速，其所需避難時間也較短。建議使用輪椅輔助的避難弱者於高層建築物收容安排時，可將避難弱者在同一樓層有相近的客房配置，並應強調相對安全區觀念、避難弱者分流管制及在防災中心設專人操作緊急升降機。

關鍵字

電梯；高層建築物；避難弱者；輪椅輔具； Pathfinder ； ELVAC

並列摘要

The global population is aging at an unprecedented rate. he elderly's physical decline, coupled with congenital inheritance and acquired disability, has led to the continued growth of the population of the asylum-naked. With the trend of economic and social development, the population is concentrated and the buildings are taller. When a fire breaks out in a high-rise building, some of the asylum-stricken people can still escape through a safe stairway, but the refuge of the weak who rely on wheelchairs to escape will only be able to escape by elevator. This study is based on a high-rise international business hotel in Nangang District, Taipei City. For the use of wheelchair-assisted evacuators to study the use of elevator evacuation safety planning in high-rise buildings. Using the personnel emergency evacuation simulation engineering software Pathfinder to simulate the results of the situation simulation, compared with the ELVAC elevator evacuation transportation evaluation model calculation data, In order to discuss the need for sheltered persons to be accommodated in high-rise buildings, consideration should be given to floor arrangements, number control and room location setting. Comparing with Pathfinder computer simulation and ELVAC hand calculation formula, it is found that the computer simulation considers that the wheelchair width will slow down when passing through the door and slower than the hand calculation formula. It is obvious that the computer simulation is more rigorous and pragmatic. The asylum-seekers on the same floor will have a longer evacuation time due to the distance between the allocated rooms. The main reason is that the second step of the elevator must be taken because the step is too long. The difference between the two asylum-seekers on the same floor and different floors is that the main reason for the impact of evacuation time is the number of elevators. This study also simulates that asylum-seekers and non-refugees at the same time take refuge, reduce the speed of evacuation due to mutual influence, and lengthen the evacuation time, so the computer simulation is in line with the actual situation. The asylum-seekers who use wheelchairs will escape faster with the help of others, and the evacuation time required will be shorter. It is recommended to use wheelchair-assisted evacuation in the high-rise building accommodation arrangement. The evacuated persons can have similar room configurations on the same floor, and should emphasize the concept of relative safety zone, diverting the distressed diverted control and setting up special emergency elevators in the disaster prevention center.