地表溫度與土地使用型態關係之探討與模擬-以板橋區為例

地表溫度是影響都市熱島效應的重要因素，掌握地表溫度才能合理的規劃與改善都市環境，在都市複雜的建成環境中，大面積監測可以利用熱影像作溫度反演，然而影像的空間解析度時常不足以提供都市尺度作分析，為了提高大範圍且較細緻的地表溫度變化，本研究透過分析都市的土地使用方式，並利用微氣候模式模擬出當時的地表溫度。都市土地通常以土地利用(LU, Land use)與土地覆蓋(LC, Land cover)描述，土地利用表示土地的使用方式，土地覆蓋則代表地表材質，兩者的改變皆會影響地表溫度，由機載光達獲得之2014年9月14日板橋區高解析熱影像作為真實地表溫度，比對土地利用與覆蓋，歸納出基於土地覆蓋類別中的土地利用，能增加土地覆蓋類別，而在都市中因建物產生的陰影之溫度具有集中性，在該時間點研究區之陰影溫度大多落在26℃至28℃間。將衛星影像分類之土地覆蓋與土地利用圖結合，並使用UMEP及ENVI-met模擬地表溫度，UMEP主要探討不同土地覆蓋物之溫差，ENVI-met則觀察小區域不同土地利用之差異，模擬結果顯示，兩種模式皆呈現出不同覆蓋物差異較大，而ENVI-met小範圍的地表溫度模擬與實際溫度相當接近。由研究成果顯示，不同類別之土地覆蓋有明顯溫差，同樣覆蓋物中不同土地利用溫差較不明顯，陰影則會降低不同類別之溫度差異，UMEP模擬結果之溫度較高，ENVI-met模擬結果與熱影像溫度相近。

關鍵字

土地利用；土地覆蓋；地表溫度； UMEP ； ENVI-met

並列摘要

Land surface temperature (LST) is an important factor of the urban heat island effect. Only find out the land surface temperature can plan and improve the urban environment reasonably. Large scale area can use thermal images for temperature retrieval. However, the spatial resolution of images is often insufficient to provide urban scale analysis. In order to observe the land surface temperature change of large-scale area. This study analyze the urban land use and land cover, and use microclimate model to simulate the land surface temperature. Land Use (LU) and Land Cover (LC) used to describe urban land. Land use relates to the human activity. Land cover relates to the type of feature present on the surface of the earth. Both changes affect land surface temperature. The study use high-resolution thermal image of Banqiao District on September 14, 2014 as true surface temperature. Concludes show that land use based on land cover categories can increase land cover categories, and the shadow temperature of the study area mostly falls between 26 °C to 28 °C. The study used UMEP and ENVI-met to simulate the land surface temperature which database is classified from the satellite image. The simulation results show that the temperature difference between different categories is larger, and the land surface temperature simulated by ENVI-met is quite close to the actual temperature. The results indicate different types of land cover have obvious temperature differences, but the temperature of different land use in the same cover is similar, and the shadow will reduce the temperature difference of different categories. The simulation result of UMEP is higher than the thermal image temperature, and the simulation temperature of ENVI-met is similar to the thermal image temperature.