以異常工作負荷促發疾病預防指引評估加油站員工心血管疾病之生成機制與探討預防對策

本研究主要探討在第一線面對顧客之加油站員工其個人與工作疲勞程度，及其是否可能因職業因素促發腦血管及心臟血管疾病並進一步評估其發病風險。研究對象為320位在職加油站員工，依據勞動部公告之「異常工作負荷促發疾病預防指引第2版」之評估步驟，結合在職加油站營運人員近6個月每月平均加班時數級距、過勞問卷及健康檢查報告等資料，判定工作負荷風險與心血管疾病風險程度後，實施綜合評估，進而分析加年齡、加班時數、疲勞程度與發病機率之間相互影響程度，確認罹患心血管疾病之生成機制，並探討預防對策。經分析評估多項數據後，可得知大部分的加油站員工均未於工作或生活中感到疲勞，顯現加油站員工雖需要輪班及加班，但因工作型態單純且未有惡劣環境，可透過其他方式調適疲勞，如保持適當的休息及充足的睡眠，而不至造成嚴重的疲勞感。然而因加油站員工普遍年齡偏大，本就容易因年齡老化而提升罹患心血管疾病之機率，因此需加強對中高齡工作者之健康促進活動與健康管理。

關鍵字

異常工作負荷；佛萊明漢心力評量表；哥本哈根疲勞量表；職業因素促發疾病

並列摘要

This study mainly explores the personal and work fatigue levels of gas station employees facing customers on the front line, and whether it may cause cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases due to occupational factors and further evaluate its risk. The research object was 320 working gas station employees. According to the evaluation procedures of the “Extraordinary Workload Promoting Disease Prevention Guideline 2nd Edition” announced by the Ministry of Labor, combined with the average monthly overtime hours of working gas station operators in the past 6 months, overwork questionnaires and health check reports, determine the degree of workload risk and cardiovascular disease risk, and then conduct a comprehensive assessment to analyze the degree of interaction between overage, hours of overtime, fatigue and the incidence of illness, and confirm the heart The mechanism of the formation of vascular diseases and the prevention measures. After analyzing and evaluating multiple data, it can be learned that most gas station employees are not tired at work or life. It appears that gas station employees need to work shifts and overtime, but because of the simple working style and no harsh environment, other ways to adjust for fatigue, such as maintaining proper rest and adequate sleep, do not cause severe fatigue. However, because gas station employees are generally older, it is easy to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease due to aging. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen health promotion activities and health management for middle-aged and elderly workers.