語言轉換作業類型與轉換前的字彙長度對轉換成本不對稱性的影響

The Effects of Language Switching Task and Switching Length on the Asymmetrical Language Switching Cost

羅頌慈(Lo, Angela)

指導教授 ： 洪瑞雲

國立交通大學/管理學院/工業工程與管理系所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

語言轉換成本不對稱性是指當從第一語言 (L1) 轉換到第二語言 (L2) 時所需的時間成本與從 L2 轉換到 L1的成本不同。主要是由L2-L1的轉換成本大於L1-L2的轉換成本，但此現象只發生在當語言轉換作業是念字作業時，在字彙判斷作業上則沒有一致的發現。本研究的目的即是在控制語文材料與實驗程序為相似的情形下，探討作業差異 (念字作業 vs. 字彙判斷作業) 和 語言轉換前的字彙長度 (1、2、5、6) 對語言轉換成本不對稱性的影響。七十三位中英雙語的大學生被隨意分配至念字作業或字彙判斷作業中，從事含有 1、2、5、6 不同字彙長度的語言轉換作業。結果發現，在念字作業及字彙判斷作業中，均有類似的語言不對稱性成本。 從 L2 轉換至 L1的轉換成本大於 L1-L2 的轉換成本，但此現象只出現在當轉換前另一語言的字彙長度為5到6字時。當轉換前另一語言的字彙長度為1到2字時，並沒有轉換成本。 此外，當語言轉換前另語言字彙為5到6字時，L1-L2的語言轉換皆會產生正向觸發效應。此發現可解釋為兩種語言的字彙表徵是儲存在同一個認知系統中。當L1為目標語言時，L2 會同時被激發。但由於L1 是優勢語言，L2對L1 不足以產生干擾，因此不被抑制。相反的，在L2為目標語言時，同時被激發的 L1 會比L2 強而產生競爭，L1的激發強度會隨 L2 的字彙長度增長而累積上升，對 L2目標作業產生干擾。因此需要被抑制。

關鍵字

語言轉換成本不對稱性 ； 念字作業 ； 字彙判斷作業 ； 轉換前的字彙長度

並列摘要

The asymmetrical language switching cost refers to the difference in switching cost between two languages’ switching direction (from first language, L1, to second language, L2, vs. from L2 to L1). The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in the asymmetrical switching cost between the word naming task (production) and the lexical decision task (recognition). The time course in switching was also examined. Seventy-three Chinese-English bilingual students were randomly assigned to the word naming task or the lexical decision task. The results showed that similar patterns of the asymmetrical switching cost were observed in word naming and word recognition task. Switching from L2-L1 entails larger cost than in L1-L2 switching, only when the switching was preceded by 5 to 6 responses in L2 language. There was little switching cost when switching was preceded by only one or two words in either L1 or L2 switching. Furthermore, the positive priming effect was found in L1-L2 switching when the switching was preceded by 5 to 6 L1 responses. The findings suggest that L1 and L2 languages may be represented in the same memory system and time is required before the inhibition in L1 was built up to reduce its interference to L2 word naming and word recognition.

並列關鍵字

asymmetrical language switching cost ； word naming ； lexical decision task ； switching list length

參考文獻

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