多路線市區電動公車充電排程之研究

Optimization of Charging Scheduling of Electric Urban Buses with Multiple Routes

邵鏡芳(Ching-Fang Shao)

指導教授 ： 王晉元

國立交通大學/管理學院/運輸與物流管理學系/碩士(2020年)

摘要

隨近日全球暖化嚴重，各國為解決環境污染問題皆積極推行公共運輸電動化，然而電動公車之特性導致推行營運現仍存許多挑戰，如：續航里程限制、充電器數量不足、系統設置成本過高等等。本研究之目的為針對一搭配快速充電設備之電動公車系統，發展一套混合整數規劃模式，提出良好的充電排程與設施規劃，使電動公車業者能使用相同排程表日復一日妥善營運。
　　本研究之最佳化模式係以最小化電動公車營運成本為目標，求解出良好的電動公車充電排程以及系統最佳充電器數量。其貢獻為加入考量三項要素：一為使電動公車於高電量時充電時間由固定快速充電5分鐘放鬆為彈性，二為加入考量夜間充電使電動公車能日復一日以相同班表營運，三則將公車營運模式設計為混合調度，並實例應用於人口密度高且公車發車頻率高之臺灣市區。
　　本研究藉蒐集PTX中之車機資料取得高雄G客運之電動公車營運班表，並利用該客運實際營運路線進行實例測試。求解結果顯示本研究求解出之排程表確實讓各車更效率地進行充電，車輛回程至進行充電幾乎無需等候，亦可使系統所需之充電器數量降至最低，顯示其電動公車排程更為效率。

關鍵字

電動公車充電排程 ； 快速充電 ； 混合整數規劃

並列摘要

With global warming getting worse, all countries are actively promoting the electrification of public transportation to solve environmental pollution problems. However, the characteristics of electric buses have led to some challenges in the implementation of operations, such as: range anxiety, lack of chargers, and massive capital cost.
This study aims to develop a mixed integer programming model to optimize electric bus recharging schedules, which determines both the planning and operational decisions while minimizing annual operation costs. The contributions of this study are three. First, the integrated model make electric buses be charged more properly. Second, we add new constraint into model to make every bus return to depot with battery full charged, so that the transit agencies can use the same operation and recharging schedule to operate day after day. Finally, the model is considering more complicated dispatching mechanism and demonstrated using a real-world transit network based in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Sensitivity analysis is concerned with different frequency, route length and extreme situations.
The results showed that range anxiety can be eliminated by adopting optimized recharging schedules. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the model could provide transit agencies with comprehensive guidance on the utilization of electric buses and development of a fast charging system.

並列關鍵字

Electric bus ； Recharging scheduling ； Fast charging ； Mixed integer programming

參考文獻

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