NBA球員薪資與場上效率分析: 以2018-19賽季為例

本研究旨在利用資料包絡分析法針對NBA (National Basketball Association, NBA) 2018-2019賽季的球隊經營和球員表現進行績效分析。球隊方面以團隊薪資總額作為投入項，例行賽勝場數、場均淨勝分差和場均觀眾作為產出項，進以衡量各球隊於2018-2019賽季的效率表現，歸納較具與不具經濟效益之球隊。而球員方面則以球員年薪和場均上場時間作為投入項，產出項包括場均得分、助攻、籃板、抄截、阻攻、犯規和失誤等，並對球員效率表現進行歸納，提供球隊經理人在有限的團隊薪資空間下網羅球員之參考。分析結果顯示，30支球隊中僅5支球隊具效率，其餘的25支球隊均存在過度投入的現象，其中以邁阿密熱火隊過度投入幅度最高，而球隊效率並不因陣中明星球員的數量多寡而有顯著差異，意即球團透過高薪網羅明星球員未必能達到效率的提升，反倒藉由找尋薪資相對不高但已打出超身價表現的潛力球員，在團隊陣容組織上應更具經濟效益。另在球員方面，分析結果顯示無論場上哪個位置均存在40%-50%的球員表現具效率，作為球隊經理人應可積極往該部份球員進行網羅和補強，尤其以薪資水平仍較低的潛力球員作為優先考慮，在經濟效益上應更為顯著，而不具效率的球員之中，顯示存在薪水過高或是給予過多出賽機會的情況，球隊經理人需予以留意，進而避免在有限的薪資空間下進行不恰當的資源配置，本研究結果所列出之球員名單可作為經理人陣容配置之參考。

關鍵字

資料包絡分析法；球隊效率；球員效率

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to evaluate efficiency of teams and players in National Basketball Association by using data envelopment analysis (DEA) during 2018-2019 season. For the section of teams, we implemented the sum of player salaries as an input and the number of wins in regular season, averaged plus-minus per game as well as averaged fans attendance per game as outputs. The analysis indicated that only 5 teams of 30 have operating efficiency and the other 25 over invested on their player roster which is hence inefficient. Moreover, the team which are having more high-paid player does not have higher efficiency. For the section of players, we implemented player’s salary, averaged minutes played per game as inputs and averaged points, assists, rebounds, steals, blocks, turnovers and fouls per game as outputs. The empirical findings show that there are about 40-50% of players are efficient in the league. The BCG-like matrix analysis is applied to categorize players in order to compare the players more specifically. As the general manager of the team, high-salary and high efficiency player came to the first priority of picking. Besides, managers should also keep eyes on potential players who are categorized in the low-salary but high-efficiency quadrant. These players have higher chance to be next stars and also constitute the foundation of the team.