探討道路交通事故影像紀錄之證據勘驗方法

在進行道路交通事故原因鑑定工作時，時常會透過現場蒐證、跡證鑑識及其他相關肇事重建技術，以還原現場狀況並釐清相關肇事責任，而證據資料可分為書面、言詞與實物證據，不論是哪一類證據皆可能存在隱含的誤差，因此應該注意證據能力與證據證明力。本研究以影像紀錄證據作為研究主軸，實際個案證明：一支相同的交通事故影片，鑑定機關、司法裁判者、當事人存在不同的解讀結果，亦即該影片證據對於三方所主張的說明事實或推論事實之間存在關聯性強度不同的問題(即證據證明力之差異性)。基此，探討影片解讀結果之差異及其發生原因顯為重要，嘗試建構勘驗影像紀錄的原則或方法，使勘驗者得以在觀看影片前，運用勘驗原則增加先驗知識，在觀看的過程中，擷取更多有效的資訊，充分運用證據資料。文獻記載：觀看者在取得圖像之有效資訊的影響因素有對比度、物體形狀清晰度、亮度、光源之位置與夜間影像等5項干擾因素，以及觀看者的先驗知識、生理條件及情緒等3項觀看者因素。本研究對30位受測者進行問卷訪談，建構以客觀觀察之角度及注意力之集中為重點的「證據勘驗原則」，能提升觀看者之先驗知識，取得更多關於現場重建之有效資訊；透過「客觀檢查結果」發現：接受證據勘驗原則後，「能有效」取得更多資訊有24位，「尚能支持有效」有6位，與30位受測者之「主觀感受」相符。證明受測者事前接受「證據勘驗原則」，能提升先驗知識，在勘驗影像紀錄證據的過程中，擷取更多有效資訊。

關鍵字

道路交通事故；影像紀錄；證據；重建；視覺資訊

並列摘要

When conducting road traffic accident reconstruction, on-site search evidence, evidence identification and other related techniques are often used to restore the on-site situation and clarify the responsibilities. Evidence data can be divided into written, oral, and physical evidence. All types of evidence may have implied errors, so we should be attention to “Admissibility” and “Reliability” of evidences. This study takes video records evidence as the research subject, and the actual case has proved that there are different interpretation results of an identical traffic accident video by the appraisal agency, court, and parties. That is, the evidence of the video is to explain the facts or infer the facts claimed by the referred parties. In the meantime, there is a problem of different correlation strength (i.e., the difference in the strength of evidence). Based on this, it is important to discuss the differences in the interpretation results of the video and the reasons for its occurrence. Constructing the principles or methods of video records so that the inspectors can increase the prior knowledge before watching videos, then fully utilizing the evidences in more effective way. Literature reviews have shown that influencing factors of viewers in obtaining effective information of images include five interference factors such as contrast, object shape clarity, brightness, light source position and night images, etc. Moreover, three factors which could affect viewers, including prior knowledge, physiological conditions, and emotions, etc. This study conducted a questionnaire interview with thirty participants, then constructed the “Evidence Inspection Method” which focusing on the objective observation and concentration. This method can enhance the prior knowledge of viewers and obtain more effective information about on-site reconstruction. According to the “objective inspection results”, after accepting this method, there are twenty-four participants who can obtain more information effectively, six participants who still can support this method effectively, and this outcome consists with “subjective feelings”. Hence, it proved that by accepting the “Evidence Inspection Method” in advance can enhance prior knowledge and obtain information effectively during the process of inspecting video records.