應用整合多準則決策與地理資訊系統方法分析共享單車站點位置選擇

Analyzing the Placement of Bike-sharing Stations Using the Integrated Approach Based on MCDM and GIS

楚雲(Anton Chudak)

指導教授 ： 陳穆臻

國立交通大學/管理學院/運輸與物流管理學系/碩士(2020年)

摘要

自行車共享系統作為公共交通系統和共享經濟的一部分，在全世界的研究和實施中得到了極大的推動。在台灣，自行車共享系統是大都市公共交通系統不可或缺的一部分，政府也積極開發自行車的綠色和可續潛能。
台灣最大的單車共享系統由Youbike公司營運，並使用停放型單車共享，使用者需要將單車取回並返回城市周圍的特定站點，並按時間向用戶收費。但是，在考慮車站的位置選擇時，Youbike僅具有車站的基本地理要求，而卻忽略地理和人口因素。
事實上，為了能夠將各種可能影響車站使用的因素納入考量，一個關於設站地點選擇的全方位架構是不可或缺的。本研究將提供一個能供調查及審視現有Youbike車站的必要架構，並且能夠幫助找出潛在的站點。本研究的調查指出了可能會影響車站使用的標準，並將專家的意見納入層級分析法（AHP）來判斷重要程度。
透過GIS收集的數據，11個和12個位於台北市的自行車共享站被分別隨機選擇調查，同時經由 PROMETHEE＆GAIA MCDM方法被予以排名和分析。為了證實架構的正確性，此研究納入並計算長達兩個月的自行車租借紀錄。最後，該研究找出了與排名相對應的使用率不佳的車站，能夠為政府和營運商所參考。

關鍵字

單車共享 ； MCDM ； GIS ； 地點選擇 ； 地理空間分析

並列摘要

Bike sharing systems as a part of public transportation systems and a part of sharing economy has received a significant boost in research and implementation around the world. In Taiwan the bike sharing systems are integral parts of public transportation systems in big cities and the government prioritizes the development of cycling as a part of green and sustainable mobility. The biggest bike sharing system is operated by Youbike company and uses docked type of bike sharing, where the bikes need to be taken and returned to the specific stations around the city and the users are charged by time.
However, when taking into consideration the location choice for the stations, Youbike has only basic geographic requirements for the station placement that doesn’t take into consideration geographic and demographic factors. A comprehensive framework for location choice was proven necessary in order to take into the consideration all the factors that may influence the usage of the station.
This study provides a necessary framework for evaluation of already existing stations, which can also be used in order to evaluate the future potential locations. It has identified the criteria that may influence the usage and used experts’ opinions to identify degrees of importance with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Two areas in Taipei City with 11 and 12 bike sharing stations respectively were randomly selected for the analysis and then the data was collected using GIS. The stations were ranked and analysed using PROMETHEE&GAIA MCDM approach. The usage data for two months was also collected and calculated in order to validate the framework. As the result, the study identified underperforming stations, that also corresponded with the ranking. Several implications for the government and the operators were introduced.

並列關鍵字

Bike-sharing ； MCDM ； GIS ； location choice ； geospatial analysis

參考文獻

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