台語聲調錯誤研究

On Taiwanese Tone Errors

陳怡芬(Yi-Fen Chen)

指導教授 ： 許慧娟

國立交通大學/人文社會學院/外國語文學系外國文學與語言學研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6842/NCTU.2005.00001

摘要

一如音段語誤，聲調語誤同樣提供語言的外部證據，從而引領有關抽象的語言單位或結 構的心理真實性、處理歷程或構音機制諸多面向的探索。本文以語料庫為基礎，對於台 語聲調語誤提出一些初步觀察並檢驗相關音韻理論。英語重音錯誤顯示出重音在調群 （tone-group）內扮演組織者（organizer）的角色，重音節常誘發逆向同化。而且，同一個 字內常見一重一輕的音節互換，少有二個非重音節互換。台語有否重音雖仍有爭議，在 變調、疊稱等現象，高調常伴隨句重音（sentence stress）出現。與英語語誤研究相仿的是： 台語聲調錯誤多數發生在伴隨著高調出現的焦點詞（focus）。此外，本計劃探討了三個 相關的聲調議題，包括自主音段(autosegment)、中平調的性質、及變調的心理真實性。首 先，聲調同化、聲調穩定性及聲調換位的證據傾向支持聲調是一自主音段。其次，同化 的錯誤類型顯示中平調的底層結構應為 [L, h]，亦即低調域?堛滌直捸C最後，多數的未變 調錯誤顯示本調的位置較為基本、顯著，基於經濟原則未運用變調規則，間接支持台語 變調的衍生假說。

關鍵字

聲調錯誤 ； 焦點 ； 自主音段 ； 中平調 ； 變調 ； 心理真實性

並列摘要

Abstract
Same as segmental errors, tone errors which also present external evidence to language
inspire in-depth explorations into the psychological reality, the processing paths, and/or the
articulatory mechanisms involved in the construction of abstract linguistic units and structures.
The current study based on an errors corpus not only makes several observations which echo the
universals of tone, but also points out relevant theoretical implications.
Stress serves as the organizer in a tone group in English, and hence that a stressed syllable
often triggers anticipation assimilation in speech errors is not surprising. In addition, syllable
metathesis within a word prefers the interchange between a stressed syllable and an unstressed
syllable. While the presence or absence of stress is a long-standing issue in Taiwanese, the
focused syllable which mostly carries a high tone presents a frequent trigger of tone assimilation
in speech errors in Taiwanese Southern Min, very much like the case in English.
Three important tonal issues explored in this thesis include the autosegmental
representation of tone, the nature of the mid level tone, and the psychological reality of tone
sandhi. A wide array of evidence from assimilation, tonal stability, to metathesis indicates that
tone presents an autosegment in Taiwanese. Evidence from assimilation also manifests the
underlying representation [L, h], i.e. a low-registered high tone, for the mid level. Finally, that
underapplication of sandhi rules outnumbers overapplication indirectly bespeaks the
derivational approach to tone processing in Taiwanese.

並列關鍵字

tone errors, focus, autosegment ； mid level tone ； tone sandhi ； psychological reality

參考文獻

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