民眾對垃圾減量及資源回收知識、態度、行為之研究—以桃園地區為例

Study on knowledge attitude, behavior of citizens for trash reduction and recovery in TaoYuan country

趙琳輝(Lin-Hui Chao)

指導教授 ： 王鵬堯

國立中央大學/工學院/環境工程研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2006年)

摘要

依據2006年行政院環境保護署統計資料，自1998年起垃圾清運量即出現負成長，反觀資源回收量則逐年增加，平均每人每日垃圾清運量已由1998年的 1.135公斤 ，降至2005年的 0.667公斤；並由2005年垃圾組成分析資料顯示，垃圾（濕基）物理組成分中可燃物佔95.92％，其中以紙類最高(38.70％)，其次為廚餘類(38.21％)及塑膠類(13.59％)，顯示垃圾中資源垃圾尚有相當高的比例，資源回收工作仍有極大的努力空間。
本研究的目的在探討桃園地區民眾對政府推動垃圾減量及資源回收政策之認知、配合意願及行為表現，經由個人屬性變項，瞭解其知識、態度、行為間之相互關係，藉此蒐集民眾環保知識、態度及行動等相關資訊，並根據研究目的，設計研究架構，使用垃圾減量及資源回收知識、態度、行為等量表，經專家效度及預試之項目分析後作為研究工具，以居住桃園地區且年齡18歲以上的民眾為研究對象，採隨機抽樣法取得樣本，實施問卷調查，共得有效樣本200份，有效回收率為90.9％。
本研究發現桃園地區62.5〜86％的民眾在垃圾減量及資源回收知識上，已逐漸建立起正確之觀念與認同感，並且對目前政府推動之政策表示支持；62〜78.5％的民眾對政府推動垃圾減量及資源政策，所表現態度不甚積極且對相關措施不清楚或表示難以配合；51〜68％的民眾在垃圾減量及資源回收之行為意向，可能因為環境無法配合、生活習慣難以改變、嫌麻煩、實踐力不夠、無法拒絕、資訊不暢通等因素，以致所表現之行為『很不環保』。
由研究結果得知，民眾對環境問題的認知及態度，影響其表現的行為上，當加強民眾的環保教育時，使之體認因錯誤的認知及態度，而對環境造成的影響與破壞，進而引導民眾對環境正確的價值觀及保護環境資源的行為，以解決現今的環境問題，達到永續發展之目標，然而，環境教育之深耕需長期投入資源及經費，培養民眾對環境正確的認知、態度到實際行動，並建立完整的環境教育策略及目標。

關鍵字

環境行為 ； 環境態度 ； 環境知識 ； 資源回收 ； 垃圾減量

並列摘要

On the basis of statistical data from Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) in 2006, the transportation amount of the trash showed negative growth since1998, and the resource recovery continuously increases year by year. The average generated trash per person every day has been reduced from 1.135 kg in 1998 to 0.667 kg in 2005. The analysis results of physical constituents of the trash indicated that 95.2 % of wet-basis is flammable trash. Among the flammable trash, paper indicates the highest percentage (38.70%), the other key constituents include garbage (38.21%) and plastics (13.59%), indicating highly proportional trash is still useful. This represents the resource recovery needs to be promoted further.
The objective of this research is to examine the cognition, volition and participation of citizens relevant to the policy of the trash reduction and resource recovery, which is propagated by local government. By the variation in personal qualitative data, the relationship among knowledge, attitude and behavior can be established. Moreover, the information for instruction, cognition and activity of the citizens associated with environmental protection were collected. Under the research objective, the flow chart was designed. Rating scale analyzed via expert validity and preexamination of item analysis was used as tools to investigate knowledge, attitude and behavior of the citizens related to trash reduction and resource recovery. In this study, residents in TaoYuan Country above 18 years old were chosen as sample. Random sampling was performed via questionnaire investigation. Totally, 200 effective samples were obtained. The rate of effective recovery is 90.9%.
The obtained result reveals about 62.5-86% citizens gradually build corrective concept and cognition on the trash reduction and the resource recovery. Also, they support the policy at present. However, 62- 78.5% citizens display a passive attitude on the above-mentioned policy. And they think the policy is infant and difficultly carries out. In addition, 51-68% citizens poorly comply with the policy because the factors such as insufficient environment, unchangeable custom, considerable inconvenience, poor implementation, unable refusing and lacking information lead to the” less-environmental protection behavior ".
It can be found that the citizens’ environmental cognition and attitude determine their behavior. The citizens strengthen environmental protection concept to realize the impact of the improper thought and attitude on environment so as to lead the citizens to corrective environmental protection aspect and activities to solve environmental troubles and reach the sustainable development. However, environmental education needs to invest for a long time and take a great quantity of budget to train people''s cognition, attitude and activities. Finally, tactics and objectives for environmental education will be established.

並列關鍵字

environmental attitude ； environmental knowledge ； resource recovery ； trash reduction ； environmental behavior

參考文獻

10.行政院環境保護署，垃圾處理方案之檢討與展望，(2004)。

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2.八德市戶政事務所網站，取自http://www.patehr.gov.tw/chinese/p956.as p。

3.中壢市戶政事務所網站，取自http://www.chungli.gov.tw/population /populix_np394.html。

4.台北市環境保護局垃圾費隨袋徵收論壇網站，取自http://www.tcgd ep.taip ei.gov.tw/olddep/boep/政策說明/a-01.htm。