維基百科知識分享現象之研究

A Study of Phenomena of Knowledge Sharing in Wikipedia

黃俊宇(Chun-yu Huang)

指導教授 ： 宋鎧

國立中央大學/管理學院/資訊管理學系/碩士(2007年)

摘要

維基百科是一網路百科全書，提供廣泛的知識給使用者，其內容是由所有使用者共同編輯而得，並非由專家學者制定。維基百科出現之後，以很快的速度成長，幾年之間已有超過250個語言版本，內容更是包羅萬象。相較於其他提供知識的網站，維基百科提供更多且更正式的內容。而編輯維基百科需要耗費個人時間精力，奉獻個人所知，沒有金錢作回報，卻有越來越多人加入編寫行列，本研究針對這一群在維基百科上分享知識的人，以及其他使用維基百科的人為研究對象，以計畫行為理論、社會認同理論以及交換行為理論等，探討其知識分享的影響因素。

本研究以維基百科使用者為樣本，發放網路問卷，共回收181份問卷，有效問卷156份。經過分析後發現，聲譽和利他主義對知識分享態度有正向顯著的影響，而期望報酬對知識分享態度是負向顯著的；而知識分享態度對知識分享行為的影響是不顯著的。結果顯示對維基百科的使用者而言，聲譽和利他主義會影響其知識分享態度，但是知識分享態度卻不必然影響其知識分享行為，維基百科的使用者認為分享知識是好的，可能存在其他因素導致使用者無法進行分享的行為。本研究提出外部控制和社群認同為調節變數，發現外部控制和社群認同對於知識分享態度和知識分享行為之關係具有調節效果。

關鍵字

利他主義 ； 社會交換理論 ； 社會認同理論 ； 計畫行為理論 ； 維基百科

並列摘要

Wikipedia is an encyclopedia on the Internet. It provides a lot of knowledge for the user. The first Wikipedia appeared in 2001 and was only in English. After six year of development, there are now various versions in more than 250 languages. Contents in Wikipedia were contributed and edited not by authorities, but by users of Wikipedia. As long as one wants, one can contribute to the contents of Wikipedia. Many users spent their time and energy to devote themselves to Wikipedia. Wikipedia gives no monetary reward to its contributor, but there are more and more users sharing their knowledge to Wikipedia. Does this reveal a massive pro-social phenomenon? This study thus attempts to look into factors that effect knowledge sharing of these sharing individuals.

A web based questionnaire was designed, and known Wikipedia users were invited as informants. 156 valid samples were tallied out of a total of 181 returns. Empirical results reveal that reputation and altruism have positive effects on attitude of knowledge sharing, while expected reward has significant but negative effect on attitude of knowledge sharing. External control and community identification have moderating effect on the relationship between attitude of knowledge sharing and behavior of knowledge sharing. However, we failed to find evidence that support the effect of attitude of knowledge sharing on behavior of knowledge sharing. This is an issue that calls for more studies.

並列關鍵字

Social Exchange Theory ； Social Identity Theory ； TPB ； Wikipedia ； Altruism.

參考文獻

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