室內懸浮微粒與生物氣膠之相關性探討-以某醫學中心為例

Indoor suspended particle and bioaerosol discussed: Case study for teaching hospital.

洪東淵(TUNG YUAN HONG)

指導教授 ： 李俊福

國立中央大學/工學院/環境工程研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2008年)

摘要

醫療院所是提供治療疾病的場所，其進出人員複雜，因作業特性之需求，對於室內環境及空氣品質的要求應更加嚴格，因為若有不甚，可能導致院內病患交互感染及醫護人員直接或間接受到病毒的感染。本次研究以國內某醫學中心門診區與各病房區作為研究對象，藉由室內空氣品質相關因子包括懸浮微粒、相對濕度及溫度，CO2及生物氣膠(Bioaerosol)之濃度監測作為探討主軸，以瞭解春、冬季節及時段變化對懸浮微粒與生物氣膠之相關性影響。
研究結果顯示，觀察冬、春季二個不同季節，門診區或病房區不同區域間室內溫濕度之變化，會影響懸浮微粒濃度或提供生物氣膠生長環境之相關性。冬季與春季室內懸浮微粒之PM10平均濃度值，範圍為3～23µg/m3，PM2.5平均濃度範圍為0～10µg/m3，上下午時段之濃度分佈呈現甚大差異。內科加護病房(MICU) 春、冬季PM10及PM2.5濃度分佈為最高，小兒加護病房(PICU) 冬季 PM10及PM2.5濃度分佈為最低。採樣分析結果顯示細菌氣膠濃度明顯高於真菌，下午時段之生物氣膠濃度普遍高於上午時段，且細菌氣膠隨季節或時間之變化情形較為穩定，流感期間之生物氣膠的濃度並未因此而明顯增加。室內懸浮微粒濃度與生物氣膠之濃度分佈具有潛在相關變化趨勢。進一步考慮懸浮微粒及生物氣膠濃度與環境因子變化的相關性則可發現，懸浮微粒之濃度則幾乎與環境因子無關，生物氣膠則為弱相關，如欲避免感染，建議增設紫外線殺菌燈防護措施並加強個人呼吸防護具之使用可減少感染機率，若欲改善室內空氣品質，加強空調系統效能與有效管制人員進出皆可達到上述目的。

關鍵字

懸浮微粒 ； 醫學中心 ； 室內空氣品質 ； 生物氣膠

並列摘要

Many of people pass in and out the hospital for various activities. For the requirement of effectively preventing and curing diseases, a good indoor air quality for patients is necessary. Otherwise, the patients probably suffer cross-infection via other patients or the virus directly or indirectly infect with doctors and nurses. The objective of this study was to examine air quality of policlinic building and selected wards in a medical cent of the teaching hospital. The targets of air quality include room temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, suspended particle (PM2.5 and PM10) and bioaerosol (bacteria and fungus). The effects of variation in season climate and period on the suspended particle and bioaerosol were also discussed.
The obtained results indicate the changes in temperature and humidity of the policlinic building and the selected wards can affect concentration of the suspended particle and growth of the bioaerosol. The average concentration of PM10 in the specific wards is ranged from 3.0 to 23µg/m3. The result for PM2.5 is 0～10µg/m3. An obvious monitored difference was found for concentration of the PM2.5 between morning and afternoon. It could be also found the highest concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 was located on the medical intensive care unit (MICU). Furthermore, the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) produces the lowest concentration of PM2.5 and PM10. For the bioaerosol, the bacteria counts are higher than fungus in all monitored wards. Concentration of bioaerosol in afternoon is higher than that in morning. The variation in counts of bacteria relative to season are stable. The counts of fungus show a more obvious variation for different sampling time. It was also found the concentration of bioaerosol did not significant increase during flu period. In addition, concentration of suspended particle and bioaerosol potentially correlated with environmental factors such as room temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration. The analysis results indicate concentration of suspended particle has very low correlation with the selected environmental factors. In order to avoid infection, using UV lamp to disinfect bioaerosol, or improve breath protecting mask to reduce hale gas is the effective way. If we want to get the better indoor air quality, improving air-conditioning system and controlling the entering and existing people can achieve the goal.

並列關鍵字

indoor air quality ； bioaerosol ； teaching hospital. ； suspended particle

參考文獻

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