已婚客家女性的婚姻觀

The married Hakka women's marriage concept

許倩盈(Chien-Ying Hsu)

指導教授 ： 張翰璧

國立中央大學/客家學院/客家研究碩士在職專班/碩士(2014年)

摘要

本研究主要目的在於探討從傳統社會經過工業化與現代化之後，轉化為現代
社會，已婚客家女性婚姻觀點的轉變。過去婚姻觀點受到父權社會的影響，男尊
女卑，尤其是重視儒家倫理的客家社會，客家女性刻苦耐勞、順從丈夫，當教育
普及、女性教育程度提升，女性參與社會勞動市場之後，女性開始走出家庭場域，
擁有經濟自主權，改變女性原有的家庭位階，夫妻之間的權力關係。從女性的角
度來看已婚客家女性，在現代社會的婚姻生活實作中，傳統婚姻家庭觀點的傳承
與轉變為現代婚姻家庭觀點的意義。
本研究以12 位已婚客家女性做為深度訪談的對象，分為兩組，每組各6 人，
以50-60 歲已婚客家女性為研究的第一世代，25-35 歲已婚客家女性為研究的第二
世代，蒐集個人在婚姻生活的經驗與人生體會，自己如何看待婚姻，經驗婚姻生
活後對婚姻的看法，進行兩世代婚姻觀的比較，了解世代的差異。本研究以現代
化理論的觀點為基礎，比較兩世代在婚姻意義、看待婚姻、婚姻選擇、家庭經濟
及家務分工方面的差異。
本研究認為第一世代已婚客家女性教育程度高，比同年代的人更傾向現代家
庭觀點。女性外出工作是必要的，在第一世代可以改變自己的家庭地位，在第二
世代可以達到肯定自我價值的意義。影響世代婚姻觀的轉變主要為教育、經濟、
社會網絡，第二世代比第一世代受現代化的影響更多，受客家文化的影響較少。

關鍵字

婚姻觀 ； 現代化 ； 家務分工

並列摘要

The thesis aims to discuss the Hakka women’s transformation on the concept of
marriage in the modern society after the industrialization and modernization of the
traditional society. In the past, the concept of marriage was influenced by patriarchy.
Men were regarded as superior to women, especially in the Hakka society, which
emphasized Confucianism. The Hakka women were hardworking and obedient to their
husbands. As education is popularized, the women’s education level has been raised.
After the women enter the labor market, they also step outside their family and secure
economic independence. This has changed the women’s status in family and the power
relationship between couples. From the women’s perspective, I’d like to find the
meaning of the married Hakka women’s transformation from the traditional family
concept to the modern family concept in their marriage life in the modern society.
In my thesis, I will have a deep interview with twelve married Hakka women. They
are separated into two groups with six in each group. The married Hakka women at the
age of 50 to 60 are the first generation of my target. Those at the age of 25 to 35 are the
second generation. I’ll collect their individual experiences in marriage and in life
including how they view their marriage and their opinions on marriage after they
experience it. I will make a comparison between the two generations to understand their
differences. My thesis based on the theory of modernization will compare the two
generations’ differences about meaning of marriage, their views on marriage, their
choices of marriage, their family economy, and the division of housework.
In the thesis, I’ve found that the married Hakka women of the first generation have
higher educational backgrounds and that they tend to agree to the modern family
concepts more than others of the same age. For them, it is necessary for women to work
outside. For the first generation, they can therefore change their family status. For the
second generation, they can prove their own value. The key factors that contribute to the
transformation on the concept of marriage between generations are education, economy,
and social network. The second generation is influenced more by modernization and by
the Hakka culture less than the first generation.
iii

並列關鍵字

Concept of Marriage ； Modernization ； Division of Housework

參考文獻

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呂玉瑕，2011，〈台灣民眾性別角色態度的變遷：1991-2001〉。《台灣社會學

高旭繁，陸洛，2006，〈夫妻傳統性／現代性的契合與婚姻適應之關聯〉。《本土

張思嘉、周玉慧、黃宗堅，2008，〈新婚夫妻的婚姻適應：概念測量與模式檢驗