乘客選擇計程車共乘的影響因素之研究-以結構方程模式之應用

盧柏叡(Bo-Rui Lu)

指導教授 ： 陳惠國

國立中央大學/工學院/土木工程學系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

近年來受到經濟不景氣之影響，使得乘客不願意付出相較於大眾運輸系統較高的費用來使用計程車，而造成了計程車空車率逐年增加，也間接造成資源及社會成本的浪費。若能提倡計程車共乘的制度，不僅可以增加乘客的選擇，減少時間等候及車資支出，亦可支援大眾運輸系統運能之不足，間接降低自用小客車旅次，以紓解都會區龐大交通量及停車問題。
本研究將以計畫行為理論(Theory of Planned Behavior, TPB)為基礎，並透過國內外文獻的蒐集，來確立影響乘客行為意向的其他影響因素，進行研究架構的設計，同時利用結構方程模式(Structural Equation Modeling, SEM)分析，探討行為因子間的因果關係。本研究之研究對象為在捷運劍潭站至文化大學該條計乘車共乘路線上的使用者及潛在使用者，藉由本研究所建構之研究架構來審視國內目前對於計程車共乘之概念的認知及透過目前已經正式實施的制度下，乘客對於計程車共乘之行為意向，進而提供政府或相關單位在規劃上的參考。
研究結果發現，該條共乘路線是以中國文化大學的師生為主要使用者，而主觀規範、知覺行為控制、時間及費率對於行為意向有顯著的影響，這也顯示出，該條共乘路線的現況發展是成功的，乘客在各項配套措施完善的制度下，更願意使用計程車共乘；然而，也因為制度的完善，間接造成了乘客對於該條路線的安全較不感到擔憂，表示政府未來在規劃上應該以此路線為參考，不僅可以提升使用意願，也可降低乘客在計程車共乘上的安全顧慮。

關鍵字

計程車共乘 ； 計畫行為理論 ； 結構方程模式

並列摘要

In these few years, the global economic crisis has a great impact on consumer behavior toward transportation alternatives. Passengers prefer public transportation to taxi service because of limited budget. Therefore, the vacancy rate of taxi has increased, resulting in the waste of the social resources. The problem can be alleviate by adopting the taxi sharing system, which gives people a new commute option, saves time and costs, and provides much needed transportation services. In addition, use of the taxi sharing system will decrease the trip rate of private car, reducing traffic congestion and easing parking problem in the urban areas.
The purpose of this research is to develop a practical method to enable the local government or the transportation authorities to understand passengers’ behavior intention and thus formulate strategies according to customer inputs. The frameworks are designed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and referred to the numerous studies for the factors that have great impact on consumer behavior. While at the same time, using the Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) enables the frameworks to explore the relationship between the factors. The participants in this study were the passengers and the potential passengers of the taxisharing system, which route is from Taipei Metro Jiantan Station to Chinese Culture University. Based on the construction of the framework of this study to examine the concept of the taxisharing cognition and through has the formal implementation of the system, the behavior of passengers for taxisharing intention, and then provide the government or the relevant units in the planning of the reference.
The result indicates that subject norm, perceived behavior control, time as well as rate have profound effect on consumer behavior intention toward taxi sharing services, and the majority of customers are the students and teachers of Chinese Culture University. However, this taxi sharing route is well served and successful. The effective and safe system attracts more customers and, hence, encourages government to set up the services at other place.

並列關鍵字

Taxisharing ； Theory of Planned Behavior ； Structure Equation Modeling

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