唐人小說裡的佛教寺院 --以俗眾的宗教生活為中心

In the novel of the Tang dynasty Buddhist temple ──The secular religious life-centered

陳藝方(YI-FANG CHEN)

指導教授 ： 萬金川

國立中央大學/文學院/中國文學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

佛教在東土傳播的過程中，千百年來不斷的與舊有的中華文化磨合，但真正使其行之久遠的，是在因果報應、六道輪迴等觀念的驅使下，通過行香拜佛、寫經造像、布施放生等活動融入社會生活，加上佛教救濟措施完善，體現著社會公益。於是佛教成為切關人生幸福與否的教派、佛法成為廣大庶民喜聞樂見的福音、寺院也成為消災解厄，預約福報的中繼站。自此，俗眾的身影也頻繁的往來寺院間。
本論文藉由唐人小說文本，以觀俗眾在寺院中所參與的宗教生活。透過行香禮佛、參與齋會與進寺院占卜吉凶等活動，觀察唐俗眾熱烈參與佛事的情況。再則透過布施行為，以見俗眾在佛教福田思想的灌輸下，藉由各種供養的方式以親近佛法的樣貌。最後從悲田觀念出發，分別由悲田養病、救助貧苦、利養借貸及寺院開喪等視角，看世俗大眾進入寺院中接受釋門利養的情形。試圖一窺唐代寺院佛事世俗化的面貌，且進一步瞭解小說能否同其他史料文獻般反映社會實況。

關鍵字

俗眾 ； 寺院 ； 宗教生活 ； 唐人小說

並列摘要

During the propagation of Buddhism in East, Chinese culture for thousands of years old running, but what really makes his long line, is driven by karma, the six great divisions in the wheel of karma and other concepts, through fragrant worship the Buddha at a temple, written by statues, giving free activities such as inclusion, coupled with the Buddhist relief measure improvement, embodies social benefit. Become the business of happiness in life or not sects of Buddhism, Buddhism became the majority Shumin, monasteries also became popular the Gospel calamities and solution well, booking reward relay station. Since then, the popular public figure is also frequent contacts between monasteries.
This paper through the novels of the Tang dynasty, to view public participation in the monastery of the religious life. Through aromatic Buddha strengthens our mind andbody Saito divination and Temple, and participation activities such as good or ill luck, observing all the enthusiastic participation of Tang dynasty Buddhist ceremony. In addition through the give Act, to see all the Buddhism under the Fukuda ideological indoctrination of through a variety of book looks to close dependent manner. From the sad field perspective, from grief to recover, rescue the poor, Lee Tien of borrowing and monasteries open perspective, such as death, secular public access monastery shimenli. Trying to see Tang dynasty Buddhist temple face of secularization, and learn more about the novel can be the same as other historical literature reflects society.

並列關鍵字

Secular ； Religious life ； Novel of the Tang dynasty ； Temple

參考文獻

陶希聖《唐代寺院經濟》（台北：食貨出版社，1974 年）。

李玉珍《唐代的比丘尼》（臺北：臺灣學生書局，1989年）。

方立天《中國佛教與傳統文化》（台北：桂冠圖書股份公司，1990年）。

郭紹林《唐代士大夫與佛教》（臺北：文史哲出版社，1993年）。

侯旭東《五六世紀北方民眾佛教信仰：以造像記為中心的考察》（北京：中國社會科學出版社，1998年）。