台灣學用配合度與經濟成長關係之研究

The relationship between "the degree of knowledge application” and the economic growth in Taiwan

張淑雯(Shu-wen Chang)

指導教授 ： 黃麗璇

國立中央大學/管理學院/經濟學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

過去十餘年來，台灣勞動者之教育水準不斷增加，但所提升的教育水準是否能夠完全契合勞動市場上的需求則尚無定論。過去的總體模型，皆假設教育水準的提昇會增加經濟體系人力資本的累積，本文主要探討，教育水準提升是否能夠完全反映人力資本的累積，亦即探討勞動市場中「學用配合度」高低，對經濟成長的影響效果。「學用配合度」除了會影響勞動者的薪資外，還會影響到勞動者在工作上不滿程度，這些均會使勞動者之生產力提升或降低，本文關注在「學用配合度」的存在對於勞動者生產力的影響效果，進而探討對整體經濟的影響效果。本文利用1978－2010年共三十三年的人力運用調查資料，建構五種方法衡量「學用配合度」的總合指標，另外擴充內生成長模型，將「學用配合度」的指標加入內生成長模型當中，採用Cobb-Douglas型態以一階差分的方式進行台灣「學用配合度」與經濟成長關係之研究。
實證估計結果發現：以不同方式衡量「學用配合度」指標來探討與經濟成長關係，「學用配合度」指標與經濟成長呈現正向顯著關係，隨著一個國家之「學用配合度」越低，表示勞動者之生產力在勞動市場上越沒有效率，其對經濟成長負面影響效果越高，使整體經濟成長率趨於緩慢，影響效果介於-1.68%至-17.74%之間。即使控制其他總體變數作頑強性分析（robustness test）。

關鍵字

學用配合度 ； 人力資本 ； 經濟成長

並列摘要

In recent decades, the workers in Taiwan have improved their educational attainment remarkably, but it is not sure that their educational attainment can fit the demand of the labor market or not. Previous macroeconomic models assume that higher educational attainment can raise the human capitals accumulation. In this study, we focus on the issue regarding the degree of knowledge application and economic growth rate. The degree of knowledge application might influence the wage payments of the workers and the work satisfaction, which are the key points of the workers’ productivity. We discuss the issue of the interaction between “the degree of knowledge application” and the labor’s productivity, and explore the effects on the overall economy. In this study, we use the data of the Manpower Utilization Survey of Taiwan from 1978 to 2010 and construct five measurements for the aggregate degrees of knowledge application. We first expand the endogenous growth model, where the Cobb-Douglas technology is assumed. Empirically, the relationship between the degrees of knowledge application and the economic growth is studied.
The empirical results demonstrate that using different ways to measure the relationship between “the degree of knowledge application” and the economic growth can obtain a positive and significant result. The lower “the degree of knowledge application” is, the more inefficient the labor market and the higher the negative effect on economic growth, ranging from -1.68% to -17.74%. We further control for other macroeconomic variables to do the robustness test. The above negative findings still apply.

並列關鍵字

“The degree of applying workers’ knowledge” ； human capital ； economic growth

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