聚集與生產力:台灣紡織產業的實證研究

Agglomeration and Productivity:Evidence from Taiwan''s Textile Industry

蘇偉哲(Wei-che Su)

指導教授 ： 鄒孟文 ； 楊志海

國立中央大學/管理學院/產業經濟研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本文主要探討台灣紡織產業，聚集與研發對於廠商生產力的影響。資料為民國86~89年與91~92年，共計六年的工廠校正暨營運調查。首先利用EG-index計算聚集的程度，發現EG-index介於0.0721~0.0866，意味著台灣紡織產業具有高度的地理集中特性。
接著採用Panel data估計方法，檢驗聚集與研發對於廠商勞動生產力(LP)與總要素生產力(TFP)潛在的影響。實證結果顯示：(1) 聚集指數與生產力具有顯著正向的關係，但聚集指數的平方項則為負數。隱含地理上的聚集會帶來正向的外部性，導致廠商擁有較高的生產力，但隨著聚集程度的提高，正面的效果會逐步遞減。這表示廠商空間集中程度太高，有可能導致聚集不經濟的情況發生。 (2) 對於小廠商而言，聚集所帶來生產力的增強效果較為明顯。 (3) 雖然紡織廠商的創新活動行為較不常見，但內部研發與技術購買對於生產力均有正向的影響，表示創新對於廠商的生產力是極具重要性的。然而聚集與研發的交乘項並不顯著，代表紡織產業的研發外溢效果不是太過明顯。

關鍵字

紡織產業 ； 聚集 ； 廠商生產力

並列摘要

This thesis aims to examine the influences of agglomeration and R&D on firms’ productivity in Taiwan’s textile industry. Using the plant-level panel data during the periods of 1997-2000 and 2002-2003, this study first adopts the EG-index to evaluate the degree of agglomeration and finds that the EG-index is hovering 0.0721-0.0866, suggesting that Taiwan’s textile industry is highly geographic concentration.
In the next step, this thesis employs the technique of panel data model to examine the potential influences of agglomeration and R&D on firms’ labor productivity and total factor productivity (TFP). Empirical results show that: (1) the variable of agglomeration is positively related to productivity, while its square term is associated with a significantly negative coefficient. It implies that, due to the positive externalities of geographical agglomeration, agglomeration enables textile firms to have a higher productivity, while this positive impact declines along with a higher degree of agglomeration. That is, the agglomeration diseconomies may occur if the spatial concentration is too high. (2) The productivity-enhance effect brought about by agglomeration is particularly relevant to small firms. (3). Although the behavior of innovation activity is not prevailing among firms in the textile industry, both in-house R&D and technology imports exhibit a significantly positive impact on productivity, highlighting the importance of innovation on productivity in the textile industry. However, the interaction term between agglomeration and R&D is not statistically significant, suggesting that the spillover effect of R&D is not considerable in the textile industry.

並列關鍵字

productivity ； agglomeration ； textile industry

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