透過您的圖書館登入
IP:18.118.119.229
  • 學位論文

太平洋、印度洋、地中海及大西洋海域二氧化碳觀測及分析

Pacific ocean, India ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and Atlantic Ocean atmospheric air CO2 observation and analysis.

指導教授 : 王國英
若您是本文的作者,可授權文章由華藝線上圖書館中協助推廣。

摘要


IPCC [2007] AR4報告中指出,全球溫室效應氣體上升的主因為工業化所造成,而其中又以二氧化碳的影響量佔所有溫室效應氣體中最大量。Wanninkhof [1992],估計一年平均全球海洋吸收二氧化碳大約在2.2(+22%或-19%)Pg C,其中海洋佔全球表面積的70%,所以海洋為主要的二氧化碳吸收區域,但因海上的觀測資料不足,只能利用島嶼的地面測站或任務性船的計畫性觀測來觀測海上的二氧化碳濃度。 全球的二氧化碳觀測分成四類,1. 地面觀測:WDCCG(World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases)裡面收集了其所有的陸地觀測資料,另外也包含部分的船測資料、航空資料、及背景觀測站資料;2. 航空器觀測:由歐盟於1994年空中巴士的支持下開始進行MOZAIC計畫航空器觀測,其主要觀測大氣中的O3、H2O、CO和NOx;德國航空也於1997年開始進行CARIBIC計畫航空器觀測,主要觀測大氣中溫室氣體、氣膠等,其此兩項計畫於2006年之後整合為IAGOS觀測計畫;日本CONTRAIL計畫,於1993年開始進行觀測,其主要觀測對流層頂的二氧化碳和甲烷;3. 衛星觀測:歐洲Envisat衛星搭載SCIAMACHY(邁克生被動大氣遙測干涉儀)、MIPAS(大氣製圖光譜掃描影像儀)、GOMOS(全球臭氧監測儀);美國AQUA衛星搭載AIRS儀器;日本GOSAT衛星進行全球溫室氣體監測;4.任務性船觀測、國際貨輪觀測:在CDIAC資料庫下的船測計畫包含,WOCE Program、 CLIVAR/WHPO Program、 Global Volunteer Observing Ship (VOS) Program、 Global Coastal Program Data、CARINA 、PACIFic ocean Interior CArbon (PACIFICA)。 國立中央大學大氣化學模擬實驗室在國科會和環保署的援助下和長榮海運合作於長榮海運貨輪上搭載二氧化碳觀測儀器,於2009年6月22日開始進行PGGM(Pacific Greenhouse Gas Measurement)太平洋溫室效應氣體觀測計畫,此觀測計畫主要觀測太平洋海域及部份印度洋、地中海及大西洋海域的海表面大氣二氧化碳觀測資料。 本次資料分析所用資料時間從2010/01/29到2011/04/20總共有46艘的航次資料,每艘航次資料皆有進行資料較正和資料確認,去除無法使用之校正資料後,將此資料進行空間上網格2.5°x2.5°資料分析,進一步探討其網格資料,進行時序圖繪圖分析,和Mauna Loa觀測資料及其他WDCGG提供之陸地測站比較。 陸地測站二氧化碳資料和船測網格點二氧化碳資料相互比較後,證實本船測網格資料和陸地測站資料其二氧化碳季節變化相同,且相互差異量於10~20 PPM以內,顯示此船測資料也可以得到二氧化碳季節變化。

並列摘要


The result for global greenhouse gas is from industrialization in IPCC AR4, CO2 is the most greenhouse gas (GHG) radiative forcing of climate between 1750 and 2005. Wanninkhof [1992] analysis global sea uptake CO2 is 2.2(+22% between -19%)Pg C per year. Ocean occupied the earth surface 70%, but the ocean surface air CO2 is too sparse, so we have use island CO2 observation data or program project vessel observation. Global CO2 observations have four type: 1. Ground observation: The ground base stations in the WDCCG (World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases) have to map out; it includes ship observation, aircraft observation, and ground based observation; 2. Aircraft observation : MOZAIC has been from 1993A.D. based on EU and Boeing Company suggestion, it is major in observation O3, H2O, CO, and NOx, CARIBIC is suggest in germen airline from 1997 A.D., it major in greenhouse gas and aerosols. IAGOS had been 2006 A.D. combine MOZAIC and CARIBIC; CONTRAIL had been star from 1993 A.D, major in CO2 and CH4; 3. Satellite observation: Envisat, Europe satellite takes with CIAMACHY, MIPAS, and GOMOS. AQUA, US takes with AIRS to observation CO2, GOSAT, Japan, major observation CO2;4. Program project vessels observation, and PGGM : program project vessels observation include WOCE Program、 CLIVAR/WHPO Program、 Global Volunteer Observing Ship (VOS) Program、 Global Coastal Program Data、CARINA 、PACIFic ocean Interior CArbon (PACIFICA). PGGM (Pacific greenhouse gas measurment project) star form 2009A.D., it major in Pacific ocean, India ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and Atlantic Ocean surface sea air CO2. In our data, i use datas has been start form 2010/Jan/29 to 2011/Mar/20, it have 46 routes. First, we start from data quality control, no use 1 gas bottle, second split data to global 2.5 X 2.5 degreed. Figure out time series with Mauna loa station and other station in WDCGG. Gridded data compare with land datas, it have same carbon seasonal change, and there different in two data is less than 10~20 PPM, it shows ship observation datas has catch the carbon seasonal change.

參考文獻


Cammas, J.-P., and A. Volz-Thomas, 2007: The MOZAIC Program (1994-2007), IGAC Newsletter, Nov. 2007.
Hermann M. and Wiedensohler, A., 1998: Dependence of the TSI 7610 condensation particle counter on pressure and temperature difference. Poster presented at the International Aerosol Conference 1998, Edinburgh, Great Britain, J. Aerosol Sci. 29, 343-344
IPCC, 2007: Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K. and Reisinger, A. (Eds.) , Geneva, Switzerland.
Keeling, C. D., R. B. Bacastow, A. E. Bainbridge, C. A. Ekdahl, P, R, Guenther, L. S. Waterman, and J. F. S. Chon, 1976: Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, Tellus, 28,538-551.
Kiehl, J. T. and Trenberth, K. E, 1997: Earth''s Annual Global Mean Energy Budget, Bull Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 197-208.

延伸閱讀