This study is divided into two parts. The first part mainly focuses on the on the synthesis and characterization of well-ordered arrays of size-controlled, vertically-aligned 1D Si nanostructure on the (001)Si substrates and their properties, and the other part focuses on the growth of periodic vertically-aligned Ni silicide nanowire arrays on Si substrates by appropriate Ni thin film deposition method and heat treatments. The surface morphologies, crystal structures, growth kinetics, surface wettability, optical and field emission properties of the produced nanowire structures were systematically characterized using SEM, TEM, SAED techniques, water contact angle measurement system, and electron emission measurement system.