- 學位論文
反思現實主義？以中美1978-2010的軍事競合為例
Rethink Realism? Sino-America Military Competition And Cooperation Relations From 1978 To 2010
摘要
冷戰結束後，國際體系便由兩極體系轉換至多極體系，而受到今日國際總體環境的影響，現代國家關係也開始出現變化。在過去的國家關係上不是競爭就是合作，彼此關係相當分明；然而在現代的國家關係已不如過去一般單純，受到國際環境影響呈現一種既競爭且合作的國家關係，本文稱為「競合關係」。競合關係的出現是基於國家對於國家利益的解讀，國家利益將驅使國家進行競爭或合作以獲得自身所需的權力；現代國際環境容易促成國家合作，可國家間仍會產生利益衝突，但為了不破壞彼此的合作關係也不放棄因合作所產生的利益，便形成今日國家特有的競合關係。 在眾多競合關係中，軍事競合關係是最耐人尋味的，國家會為了增加自己的軍事利益而進行軍事合作，但由於軍事利益與國家生存息息相關，造成軍事競合關係的敏感性強，使得國家軍事關係容易產生競爭，一旦雙邊關係出現些微的裂縫，即會中止既有的合作關係，等到雙邊爭議下降後才會慢慢恢復過去的合作關係。因此軍事競合關係成為觀察兩國關係最直接的風向球，雙邊關係良好其軍事關係勢必交好；若軍事關係中斷則代表兩國關係開始出現爭議。 中美關係是今日國際最重要的兩國關係，從冷戰期間到今日，雙邊關係由於國家本質造成衝突不斷，但彼此又必須進行合作以維護各自的國家生存，中美關係成為競合關係的最典型代表，其中又以中美軍事競合關係表現的最為矛盾；也最能體現現代國家既競爭且合作的雙向關係。透過軍事競合關係亦可反思過去的現實主義傳統，以達到理論與實務對話的功效，使現實主義進行些微的修正，以增加其理論解釋性。
並列摘要
After the end of the Cold War, the international system changed from Bipolar-system into Multi-polar system. However, because of the influences of international overall environment nowadays, the modern states become variant. In the past, the relations of states were either competitive or cooperative. The relations of each other are really clear. Nevertheless, the relations of modern states are not as simple as usual, the by international environment affected relations of internationals show not both only competitive but cooperative relations of states, in this statement, I'd rather define it as take it for " competition and cooperation relations ". The appearance birth of competition and cooperation relations is based on the understanding of benefits to another states. The benefits of the states make the states to carry either competition or cooperation up, in order to receive the power, which the states themselves are in need. The environment of international is easy to step up the cooperation of states, somehow the states may still have benificial conflicts, but in order not to distroy their own relations of cooperation and not to give up the created benifits of cooperation, it forms the exclusive competition and cooperation relations of present states. In several competition and cooperation relations, the competition and cooperation relations of the military , the states carry out the cooperation for their benifits of military, but owing that the bebifits are getting involved in the existence, that makes the competition and cooperation relations very sensitive and easier to have the competitive for the relations of military. Once the gaps of the relations occur, all of the cooperation will be stopped, until that the dispute about the both states. Therefore, the competition and cooperation relations of military becomes the Weather Vane, which is the most direct way to discover the relations of both states, if the bilateral relationship were good, the relations of military were extremely awesome; but if the relations of military broke off, it means the relation of the both states would bring debates. The relation of China and the United States is the most important international relation of two-stated relations, from the period of the Cold War has lasted today, owing to the innate character of the bilateral relationship of the single state, that makes sustainabile conflicts, but the both states have to go on cooperation in order to keep the existance for their own states. The most typical relation of the relation of China and the United States, we can tell is that: "The most contradictive behavior of relation, but it is the most straight way to embody the either competition or Bipolar-relation of states. Via relation of competition and cooperation in military is also able to introspect the effort of Realism tradition, by which the theories could have conversations with reality, that makes Realism correct a bit to raise its the ability of explanation.