- 學位論文
宗教自由與政教分離關係之研究
Religious Freedom and Separation Church and State Relationship
摘要
有關本文所討論宗教自由與政教分離關係；乃係先就宗教自由作為一個憲法保障之基本權利，其該當應受具體保護之法益內涵與界限等加以闡明，亦即是分別依序宗教定義、宗教自由之起源、保護利益、權利主體以及界限等之關聯性進行探究。其次，係針對國家與宗教間所謂政教分離關係之建構，提出說明。且由於各國間因不同文化歷史背景與現代民主時勢所趨之下，本文將其整理出：國教體制、分離體制與折衷體制等三種型態之政教分離關係進行說明，同時單就現行分離體制國家其政教分離關係之審查基準原則，與我國憲法下之政教分離關係問題一併介紹，並在本文前述之討論基礎上，關於行政院所研擬「宗教團體法草案」之內容提出介紹與評析，以確認出我國有關此宗教性法律內容之合憲性問題。 此外，則為前述採行分離體制下有關美國、日本與我國等所發生之實務案例，並依其案例說明；即背景陳述、系爭事項以及判決結果等，再施予理論與事實層面進行探討分析，冀能有助於我國政教分離關係之定位與釐清。 最後，乃依慣例本文將會從宗教自由與政教分離關係之研究發現提出說明，並建議修正事項，俾使真正落實憲法所確保之宗教信仰能自由自在開展無虞。
關鍵字
政教分離並列摘要
This research project aims at discussing about the relationship between religious freedom and separation of church and state. Firstly, we would expound on the theory of legal interest and bounds which religious freedom as a basic human right of constitutional protection should be protected. In another word, we will investigate the relationship with the definition of religious, the birth of religious freedom, interest protection, subject of right, and bounds. Secondly, we will make a description of how the relationship of separation of church and state to be built between the nation and religion. Due to different culture and the trend of the times in various countries, this research will discuss three types of separation of church and state; including the National Church System, separation system, and compromise systems. At the same time, the relationship of separation of church and state, and its’ standard of review of recently separation system will to be discussed with our constitution. With the foundation of the above-mentioned, the content of “Bill Gegulating Religious Groups” worked out by Executive Yuan will be introduced, analyzed and evaluated; to ensure this religious law is constitutional. In addition, the case study of America, Japan, and Taiwan which take separation of church and state will be discussed; such as background, dispute , and its’ decision result etc.; then its’ theory and fact will be further analyzed and evaluated. Hope to help clarification and orientation of separation of church and state of Taiwan. Finally, we will bring up discovery from this research during discussing the relationship between religious freedom and separation of church and state; and make some suggestions; to make sure religious beliefs could be implemented from the protection of constitution.