雙語與多語使用者執行功能之比較：近紅外光腦血流分析

Comparison of Executive Functions between Bilinguals and Multilinguals: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Study

黃劭安(Huang, Shaoan)

指導教授 ： 陳欣進

國立中正大學/社會科學院/心理學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

無資料

關鍵字

執行功能 ； 雙語 ； 多語 ； 近紅外光腦血流分析

並列摘要

Previous studies have shown that bilinguals are associated with more effective executive control compared to monolinguals. The present study extends the understanding on this issue by investigating whether cognitive advantages exist when comparisons are made between multilinguals and bilinguals in tasks for executive functions. The flanker task, n-back task, and task-switching paradigm were applied to examine three components of executive functions (i.e., inhibition, updating, and shifting) and to explore the underlying neural substrates in bilinguals and multilinguals through simultaneous monitoring using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Behavioral results suggest a smaller n-back effect in multilinguals than in bilinguals. Two language groups performed similarly in flanker and switch tasks. Although bilinguals and multilinguals did not show differences in the flanker task using NIRS, different patterns were obtained in the bilateral BA 44/46 and BA 44/45/46 using the n-back task and switch task, respectively, suggesting discrepancies of executive functions between bilinguals and multilinguals.

並列關鍵字

executive function ； bilingual ； multilingual ； NIRS

參考文獻

Abutalebi, J. & Green, D. (2007). Bilingual language production: The neurocognition of language representation and control. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 20, 242-275.

Amaro, E. & Barker G. J. (2006). Study design in fMRI: Basic principles. Brain Cognition, 60, 220-232.

Baddeley, A. (1998). Recent developments in working memory. Current Opinion Neurobiology. 8, 234-238.

Bialystok, E. (1986). Factors in the growth of linguistic awareness. Child Development, 57, 498-510.

Bialystok, E. (1999). Cognitive complexity and attentional control in the bilingual mind. Child De-velopment, 70, 636-644.