台灣手語自然對話中的否定形式

Negation in Naturally Occurring Taiwan Sign Language

洪瑜(Hung, Yu)

指導教授 ： 戴浩一 教授

國立中正大學/文學院/語言學研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本論文旨在探討台灣手語自然語料中的否定結構。台灣手語的使用族群主要是住在台灣的聾朋友，他們大部分是從台北、台中以及台南三所啟聰學校求學期間發展出用來互相溝通的自然手語。先前已有一些針對台灣手語中否定形式的相關研究 (Tai, Chang, Tsay, and Su , in preparation, and Ke 2006)。再者，Zeshan (2004)發表關於各國手語中否定結構的類型學研究。根據以上這些研究，本論文將否定形式的探討延伸至台灣手語自然語料中的呈現。
本論文的語料來源不同於以往的釣取方法，而是採用兩位聾朋友間的自由對話，當中沒有任何的聽人研究者介入。我們要求參與本論文的手語使用者隨意自由交談至少30分鐘，其中並沒有告知他們本論文的研究目的，期望這樣的方式能收集到最自然的語料。收集完語料之後，再由聽人研究員用ELAN這套編譯軟體將自然對話中的否定句標記出來，加以分析。根據這些標記後的否定句，本論文的第一個議題是再進一步的歸納出手部的否定詞項和非手部動作的否定表達。
第二個議題是針對台灣手語中非手部動作的否定表達加以定義。非手部動作的探討包含頭部的動作和臉部的表情。從這些語料中，我們觀察到否定表達中的頭部動作有三種：搖頭、側頭和轉頭；至於臉部表情，主要有眉毛和嘴部動作，參與本論文的手語使用者在否定句中多以皺眉或是嘴角下垂的表情來表達否定的意涵。
總括來說，與之前以調取方法收集到的台灣手語中否定形式的研究相較，本論文進一步觀察了台灣手語自然語料中否定形式的呈現。另外，本論文也將如何不同調取否定句語料的經驗以及最後選用自然語料的原因做了詳盡的說明，以供日後的手語研究做參考。

關鍵字

台灣手語 ； 否定形式

並列摘要

The study aims at investigating the negative construction in Taiwan Sign Language (TSL) free conversation data. TSL is used by the deaf in Taiwan, mostly come from three Deaf Schools in Taipei, Taichung and Tainan. Several studies about TSL negation have been done by Tai, Chang, Tsay, and Su (in preparation), and Ke (2006). Also, Zeshan (2006) provides a typological research on negative and interrogative constructions in different sign languages. Based on those researches, the study investigates TSL negative construction in the free conversation data.
Instead of elicitation method used by previous works, the data collected in this study is free conversation between two signers without any hearing researcher involved. The informants were instructed to talk freely for at least 30 minutes, and they were not told about the purpose of the study, so that the most natural expressions might be expected to occur. After collecting the data, the negative utterances were extracted and analyzed by using ELAN software. Based on the transcription of the negative sentence, we can observe the natural pattern of manual negators and the nonmanual expressions used in the negative sentences.
Another aim of the study is to define the grammatical status of nonmanual expressions in TSL negation. The nonmanual expressions focus on the head movements and the facial expressions. There are three head movements observed in the data: side-to-side headshake, head tilt, and single sideward head turn. As for other facial expressions, they are eyebrow movements and the mouth actions. The signers may lower the eyebrows (frown) or the lip corner while expressing negative sentences.
In sum, to compare with the previous researches of negation, the study collected some interesting negation patterns from the free conversation data and thus complements the previous studies of TSL negation using elicitation method.

並列關鍵字

Negation ； Taiwan Sign Language

參考文獻

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