法規範建構與實踐分析─以性騷擾為核心

An Analysis of Construct and Practice of Jurisprudence-A Focus on Sexual Harassment

蘇滿麗(Su Man-Li)

指導教授 ： 鄭津津

國立中正大學/法學院/法律學系/博士(2012年)

摘要

本文以「性騷擾」作為論述核心，圍繞著性騷擾議題之「性的事務」的存在與被定義，蒐羅社會中所發生關於「性的事務」有關的法律事實，當「性騷擾」未有實定法進行定義時，相關司法判決實例以何種法律責任類型來進行判定？當事人於個案中是否獲得司法正義？又當我國以美國工作職場性騷擾作為性別工作平等法的性別就業安全環境法制規範後，陸續又通過性別平等教育法、性騷擾防治法作為施行法制，為何須具有三部法律交錯控制？
面對有關性騷擾的三部實定法通過施行後產生的實務適用困境後，從各部法律中去探討各自對於「性騷擾」定義以及適用對象，無法獲知在立法之前的社會需求。本文從法律的節點(grid)出發，從最初對於「性騷擾」的社會建構，如何在社會形塑以及展開正式控制的蘊釀，透過整體網絡的認識而達到對於現行法制反思，將性的事務，從社會學以及法學的二個觀察面向作一整理，認識「性的事務」爲社會現象之一環，以法律社會學所重視的各個相關節點(grid)的聯繫，包括女性主義以女性角色對於性/性別提出的反省與理論，並發現「性騷擾」議題的存在，以我國本土「性騷擾」法制的形成及現行程序實況的評析為核心議題，續以我國社會發生爭議矚目案件的法律事實司法認定，在社會無法忍受的情境之後，將其後名為「性騷擾」的議題呈現於法制過程中所應有的評估，包括選用何種法律責任種類進行規制，其中在入罪化過程應對於刑事政策、價值判斷、決策科學進行理解後，再將其後以「性騷擾」為名的議題置於現行法進行定位與歸類。
從觀察其在現代社會中發展之背景與緣由，於現行法制規範─非難「性的不法」─「性騷擾」行為的演進歷程，並且找出規範(norm)存在，解構法律本身所涉之相關社會議題，以法律規範確認其不法性，了解這樣的法規範存在於現代社會的功能，也對現行法制之程序規定提出建議以達正當法律之法治國原則。

關鍵字

性 ； 性別 ； 性騷擾 ； 法律社會學 ； 性別工作平等法 ； 性別平等教育法 ； 性騷擾防治法

並列摘要

Taking Sexual Harassment as the topic, this study collects the legal facts related to the sexual affairs occurring in the society based on the existence and definition of sexual affairs under the topic. When Sexual Harassment is not defined by statutory laws, what kind of legal liabilities will be taken in the related judicial decree cases? And will the litigant obtain the judicial justice eventually? Moreover, after Taiwan regulates the safety environment of gender employment in Act of Gender Equality in Employment in line with the Sexual Harassment Legal System in USA, it has successively passed the Gender Equality Education Act and Sexual Harassment Prevention Act as the implementation principles. Why does it pass the three statutory laws to control each other?

Facing the obstacles after implementing the three statutory laws on Sexual Harassment, it is unable to learn the social demands before legislation through the definition and applicable subjects of Sexual Harassment in these laws. This paper starts from the law grid to explore the initial social construction about Sexual Harassment and its formation as well as its fulfillment of social control. Through the understanding of the entire network to recollect the current legal system, organizing the sexual affairs from two observation aspects of sociology and laws, it recognizes that the sexual affairs are a part of social phenomenon; based on the connections between the relevant grids valued by sociology of law, including the reflections and theories about sex/gender proposed by feminism from the perspective of female roles, it finds out the existence of Sexual Harassment. It takes the formation of the Sexual Harassment Laws in Taiwan and the analysis of current conditions as the core topics, and then discusses the judicial assertion of legal facts of cases that rise disputes and draw public attention in Taiwan. Under the condition that the public can’t bear it any more, it presents the Sexual Harassment subjects in evaluation supposed to be included in the legal system process, like what kind of legal liabilities should be selected for regulation. Moreover, after understanding the criminal policies, value judgment and scientific decision-making in criminalization process, it conducts positioning and classification by putting the subject of Sexual Harassment into the current laws.

By observing its backgrounds and reasons for development in modern society, it reviews the evolution process of current legal norms—from blaming the illegal sex— to the Sexual Harassment behaviors, and finds out the existence of norm, to deconstruct the related social subjects involving laws and confirm its illegalness by the legal norms, so as to learn the function of legal norms in modern society and propose suggestions for the current legal system procedures to achieve the principle of country governance by laws.

並列關鍵字

sex ； gender ； sexual harassment ； sociology of law

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