從建築物公共安全災害論公務員之責任 －以建築法為中心

On the responsibility of public official from the buildings public safety disaster- Building Act

林尚卿(Shang-Ching Lin)

指導教授 ： 蕭文生

國立中正大學/法學院/法律學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

實施建築管理的目的在於維護公共安全、公共交通、公共衛生及增進市容觀瞻，而建築管理是貫徹都市計畫理想，健全都市發展建設和創造良好生活環境的執行和管制手段。建築主管機關所謂「行政與技術分立原則」，其目的乃在提高行政服務效率及建築設計品質以加速建築執照審核時效，而非在減輕或免除主管機關之責任。公務員於執行職務時，欲論其職務是執行成效，應知其權責之分際是否得當。惟有在權責相當之情形下，成效方可達成。人民權利遭受國家公權力行為違法侵害時，國家應負損害賠償責任，人民得依法向法院請求權利救濟，使人民在憲法所保障之基本權利，得以發揮其防禦權功能及受益權功能，對人性尊嚴之正義觀的維護具有重要不可或缺的意義。國家法律所規定的應由行政機關及其公職人員所履行的社會責任。公務員的行政責任係因公務員不當或違法執行職務，違反行政法上的義務，由行政機關或司法機關予以職務上或紀律上的處罰；換言之，公務員違反其行政法上所應負之義務時，即有行政責任的問題。
本文以建築法為基礎，以建築許可、施工管理、建築物使用管理探討其行政管制；藉由行政與技術分立制度，討論建照審查與施工勘驗其法律意義與效果，就建築師、相關專業技師之角色定位與權責，分析行政機關公務員及各專業人員之責任。其次探討建築管理在怠於執行職務之國家賠償責任及構成要件，分析其中公權力侵權行為責任、代位或自己責任，使公務員了解國家賠償責任與公務員個人責任之關係，並提出本文見解；末段藉由現行公務員懲戒與懲處處分之概況，使公務員明瞭其職務上應注意是否涉及有公務員懲戒及懲處之處分事由，使公務員熟悉其權利與義務，分析其中事涉義務違反與因果關係，做為是否有懲處、懲戒等與公務員息息相關之各項行政責任之適用。最後歸納各章節之論述，提出本研究結論及建議。

關鍵字：建築管理、行政與技術分立制度、簽證制度、怠於執行職務、國家賠償責任、行政責任

關鍵字

建築管理 ； 行政與技術分立制度 ； 簽證制度、怠於執行職務 ； 怠於執行職務 ； 國家賠償責任 ； 行政責任

並列摘要

Implementation of architecture management aimed at maintaining public safety, public transportation, public health, and enhance the appearance of the city is a focus of attention, and architecture management to implement the ideal of urban planning, implementation and control of the means of the sound architecture of urban development and create a good living environment. Building the competent authority so-called "administrative and technical principle of separation", its purpose is to improve the efficiency of administrative services and the quality of architectural design in order to speed up the architecture license audit aging, rather than to reduce or waive the responsibility of the competent authorities. Civil servants in the performance of their duties, the desire of their duties the effectiveness of the implementation should have known that the powers and responsibilities of the occasion whether properly. Only in the case of the powers and responsibilities of equivalent effectiveness to reach before. People's rights have been acts of unlawful infringement of state power, the state should bear the liability for damages peoples may request the right to relief to the court in accordance with the law, the protection of the basic rights of the people in the architecture, and able to play defense the right functions and beneficial right function of human nature the maintenance of the dignity of the concept of justice has an important integral part of significance. Under the national law by the executive authorities and their public officials to fulfill social responsibility. The administrative responsibility of the Civil Service Department civil servants improper or illegal to carry out their duties, in violation of the administrative law obligations by the executive or the judiciary be duties or disciplinary punishment; In other words, civil servants breach of administrative law Obligations that is the issue of administrative responsibility.
In this paper, based on architecture law, building permits, architecture management, building use and management of to explore its administrative control; discrete system by administrative and technical, to discuss the building permit review and architecture inspection of its legal significance and effect on the architect, the relevant The professional technicians roles and responsibilities, analysis of the executive civil and professional responsibility. Secondly, we discussed the architecture management liability and constituent elements in the indolent to perform the duties of the country, an analysis of the public authority tort, the subrogation or their own responsibility, so that civil servants to understand the relationship between State liability and civil servants personal responsibility, and put forward in this article insights; last paragraph by existing civil service disciplinary punishment overview of the disposition of the civil servants to understand their duties should pay attention to whether they involve the reasons for the disposition of the civil service discipline and punishment, the civil servants are familiar with their rights and obligations, and an analysis of the concerned obligations in violation of the causality, as Is the administrative responsibility of the applicable punishment, discipline and closely linked with the civil service. Finally, summarized each chapter discusses the conclusions and recommendations of the present study.
Keywords: architecture management, administrative and technical system of division of the visa regime delayed in carrying out their duties of state liability, administrative liability.

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