社區組織女性領導者工作壓力及其因應策略之研究

The Work Stress of Female Leaders in the Community Organizations and Their Tactics of Facing the Work Stress

蔡麗綺(Li-Chi Tsai)

指導教授 ： 蔡秀美

國立中正大學/教育學院/成人及繼續教育學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

本研究採用質性研究方式，以嘉義縣三位女性社區領導者為研究對象，採用與指導教授討論後之半結構性的訪談大綱進行訪談，探討女性成為社區組織領導者的背景，瞭解社區組織女性領導者在組織領導工作中所遭遇之工作壓力以及探究社區組織女性領導者領導歷程中工作壓力因應之策略。研究者將資料分析整理後，結論如下：
一、 女性擔任社區領導者之動機有經驗累積、服務熱誠、他人促成、家庭支持
二、 社區組織女性領導者在工作本身方面之壓力為經費不足、欠缺專業能力、設備不足
三、 社區組織女性領導者在人際溝通方面之壓力來自自我要求甚高、專業人力不足、成員間溝通不良、邀約工作受挫、旁人看笑話心態及政治立場不同
四、 社區組織女性領導者在家庭方面之壓力來自於家庭成員支持度不高及家庭與社區事務之兩難
五、 社區組織女性領導者在性別角色方面受到社區文化背景的包袱、追求自我的矛盾及性別刻版印象的束縛等壓力
六、 在工作本身方面，社區組織女性領導者會以尋求資源、提升專業能力、積極尋求協助等方式來減輕壓力
七、 在人際關係方面，社區組織女性領導者會以尋求問題解決、理性思考及自我調適之方法來減輕壓力
八、 在家庭壓力方面，社區組織女性領導者會讓先生、子女共同參與強化支持力量並依事務之輕重緩急調配自己所該扮演之角色。
九、 在性別角色方面，社區組織女性領導者目前能以尊重社區文化、相互尊重互相體諒及自我跳脫框架方式，走出女性自我的領導風格。
根據研究結果提出以下建議，作為成為有志擔任社區組織女性領導者及規畫女性領導人培訓課程之參考。
一、 對有心擔任社區女性領導者的建議
（一）培養自己的領導能力及擴展社會關係資源
（二）尋求家人支持，減少領導過程中之壓力
（三）積極參與學習課程，學習人際溝通知能及技巧
（四）提升女性自覺及權力意識認知，走出女性自我的領導風格
二、 對政府機構公部門的建議
（一） 給予社區更多經費及專業人力上之支援
（二） 提供撰寫計畫及成果資料蒐集製作之專業指導
（三） 針對社區女性領導者開設溝通及輔導課程，協助社區女性領導者自我輔導及解決人際間之問題。
（四） 針對社區女性領導者開設提升女性自覺及權力意識之課程，強化女性意識
（五） 編撰適合社區女性領導者之領導教學手冊及指引。
三、 對未來研究之建議
（一） 研究個案選取可增加基本條件限制，並將研究範圍擴大、增加研究對象人數。
（二） 可兼採質性與量化研究

關鍵字

工作壓力 ； 社區組織女性領導者 ； 社區組織

並列摘要

This study employs qualitative research. The objects of the study were three
female leaders in the community organizations in Chia-yi County. To achieve
the study purpose, a semi-structured interview was conducted. This study aims
to discuss the backgrounds of being female leaders, to understand what kind of
work stress the female leaders are facing and their tactics to ease the work stressduring their leading process. The researcher analyzes the data qualitatively.
The main findings are as the following:
1.The motivations of being a community female leader include experiences
gaining, enthusiastic in serving, the encouragement of others, and the support
of family members.
2.Lack of funds, lack of professions, and lack of facilities are the work stress offemale leaders in the community organizations.
3.The community female leaders’ stress on interpersonal intelligence include
highly self-driven, lack of professionals, bad communication between
members of community organizations, frustration on inviting works, cool
detachment of others, and different political position.
4.Low degree of support from family and the dilemma of doing family chores or
participating community affairs are the family stress of female leaders.
5.The stress of female leaders on gender roles includes the burden on
backgrounds of the community culture, the conflict of pursuing
self-actualization and the bondage to gender stereotype.
6.The way for female leaders to face and ease their stress on work include
seeking for the resources, improve self-professions and seeking for help
actively.
7.The way for female leaders to face and ease their stress on interpersonal
relationship include seeking ways to solve problems, rational thinking, and
self-adjustment with stress.
8.The way for female leaders to face and ease their stress on family include
inviting husband and children to participate the activities to enforce their
support, and redistribute their roles to deal with important matters first
between family and work.
9.The way for female leaders to face and ease their stress on gender roles
include to respect the community culture, to respect and to considerate with
each other and to think outside the box. To create female’s leading style.
Based on the study, the suggestions are for the reference of the female who
are willing to become the female leaders in the community organizations and the
designers of the curriculum for the female leaders, listed as following:
1.Suggestions for the female willing to become the leaders
（1）To cultivate self-ability on leading and expand the resources on social
relationship.
（2）Looking for family’s supports to ease the work stress during the leading process.
（3）Attending the related curriculum in the community organizations to
learn the knowledge and tactics of interpersonal intelligence.
（4）Improving female’s self-awareness and awareness of power. To create female’s own leading style.
2.Suggestions for the government
（1）More funds for the communities and more support on professionals.
（2）Provide professional instructors for researching and data collection.
（3）Offering the curriculum of communicating and counseling to help the
female leaders to counsel and to deal with interpersonal relationship.
（4）Offering the curriculum of improving female’s self-awareness and
awareness of power to strengthen the awakening of feminist consciousness.
（5）Compiling a leading guidebook that suits to the female leaders in
community organization.
3.Suggestions for the further study
（1）Selecting of the case can be more restrictive. Enlarge the, and
increase the objects.
（2）Employing both qualitative and quantitative research.

並列關鍵字

female leaders in the community ； community organization ； work stress

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以陸軍南部軍團54工兵群為例。國立台灣師範大學教育學系國防教育班碩士