- 學位論文
以事件相關電位檢視暴力青少年的錯誤監控與抑制機制
Inefficient error processing and inhibitory control in violent juvenile offenders
摘要
本研究以暴力青少年為主要研究之對象，為了瞭解他們攻擊行為背後的成因，使用腦波儀並結合旁側干擾作業與停止訊號作業，比較衝動型暴力青少年與一般青少年在反應抑制、錯誤偵測與錯誤後補償歷程上，是否具有行為與電生理的差異。行為結果顯示，實驗組在衝突或一般情境之下的停止訊號反應時間(stop signal reaction time, SSRT)都顯著地比控制組長，這可能顯示他們抑制能力較差。此外，暴力青少年組在抑制失敗之後，並未出現如控制組一般的錯誤後減慢行為。 在電生理指標的測量結果則顯示，在執行目標作業嘗試(Go trial)的狀況下，實驗組與控制組在Go N2的振幅並無顯著差異。而在停止嘗試(Stop trial)的狀況下，分別比較成功抑制與失敗抑制的狀況。在成功抑制的狀況下，發現實驗組有較小的Stop N2與較大的Stop P3；而失敗抑制的狀況下，發現實驗組產生較大的錯誤關聯負波(Error-related potentials, ERN/Ne)，而兩組的錯誤相關正波(error positivity, Pe)則無顯著差異。 綜而言之，較長的SSRT與較小的N2振幅，顯示他們的抑制效率較差，比起一般青少年需要花更長的時間來抑制不當行為；而較大的P3與ERN則可能與他們的衝動特質以及負面情緒特質相關。缺乏錯誤後減慢的行為，或許代表暴力青少年雖然能有效偵測錯誤，但卻無法有效處理相關訊息以進行後續的行為調整，導致他們比一般人更容易重蹈覆轍。
並列摘要
Repeated impulsive violent behaviors had been attributed to impaired functions of error processing and inhibitory control. The aims of present study were to use stop signal paradigm to investigate these functions in violent juvenile offenders. The participants included 20 impulsive violent juvenile offenders (mean age 17.10) from reform schools and 20 matched controls from high schools. Two groups were compared on behavioral performance including overt reaction time (Go RT), stop signal reaction time (SSRT) and post-error slowing. The violent group had both longer Go RT and SSRT than those of matched controls. These behavioral results showed the violent adolescent might have poorer inhibitory control. Compared to control group, post-error slowing was not seen in violent adolescents who possibly had deficient behavior adjustment after error response. The results of event-related potentials showed reduced N2 and enhanced P3 in violent group while inhibiting successfully, similar to electrophysiological patterns of high impulsive violent adults. In unsuccessful stop trials, the violent group showed higher ERN amplitude resulting from higher negative affect presumably. There was no group difference on Pe . These results suggested that violent juvenile offenders could detect error but impaired in error correction. This deficient might be attributed to their inefficient inhibition and error processing and modulated by negative emotion.