- 學位論文
公共工程統包契約之研究－ 以隧道統包工程為例
A Study on The Public Construction Turnkey Contract, For Instance, The Tunnel Design-build Contract
摘要
基於隧道工程邊設計邊施工之特性，目前隧道工程以統包方式辦理普遍被認為具有可縮短工期、預算控制容易、降低業主風險及減少變更設計等優點。本文研究之隧道統包工程屬於設計建造統包模式，非FIDIC所稱之EPC Turnkey Projects統包契約。統包發包雖有上述優點，但若執行不良，亦可能招致工程掌控不易，再發包非常困難等問題。此外，獨買市場下公共工程統包契約若不當解釋適用契約條款，爭議將生。尤以常見使用之設計建造統包模式底下，事涉契約變更計價爭議之契約條款所示工作範圍解讀最為困擾實務。其次，政府採購法與統包相關之法令繁多，公部門實務上運用情形之錯誤樣態亦不少，如何訂定完善之招標前置作業，選好統包商，釐清風險分配，訂定公平合理之統包契約條款，順利履約，免除爭議，達到工程以統包方式辦理的優點，乃研究之主要動機。 本文研究範圍時點包括契約成立前之招標前置作業，招標作業、契約成立後履約階段及完工後之營運保固。然因本文所欲探究之風險分配，乃以工程契約具體條款為基本依據，故研究範圍重點在於契約成立後至履約完成之間，至於契約主體業主則限於公家機關，契約標的則限於隧道工程，其次，因工程契約爭議態樣繁多，無法臚列殆盡、逐一探究，故本文以隧道工程常見且為各爭議態樣共通之問題為探討範圍。 本文先概論公共工程統包契約；介紹統包之基本觀念，說明招標前評估對統包工程成敗之重要性，對此階段之重要事項如業主需求、統包商資格作深入探討，期能建立標準作業程序，遴選出優良專業廠商，以減少履約爭議。接著介紹隧道工程特性與風險種類，探討地質風險之合理分配，並將隧道工程統包契約主要爭議問題歸納分類，計歸納為：1.情事變更原則主張之爭議。2.統包契約之工作範圍界定與契約變更。3.統包契約計價爭議問題。4.工程保險引起的爭議四大類爭議問題，並於後續章節逐項探討。本研究之最終目的乃於整理國內外之文獻及隧道之統包工程爭議案例後，加以分類類型化，提供解決隧道工程統包契約爭議的建議，以為相關單位訂立一個較為完善及合乎需求之契約。
並列摘要
Based on the “design as you go” characteristic of tunnel construction, the current tunnel projects tendered by turnkey type are generally regarded as having the advantages of shorter duration, easier budget control, less risk and rare design change. According to the definition of Government Procurement Act, there are two different kinds of turnkey contract. This study is focused on the design-build turnkey contract, and not the EPC turnkey contract. Notwithstanding the above advantages of turnkey contract, but if the execution is bad, the project can be failure to control and may incur very difficult retendering issues. In addition, under the buyer monopolized market, the dispute of public turnkey contract usually happen when involved the interpretation of the terms of contract, especially on the interpretation of the charge of items and work scope. Secondly, the Government Procurement Act and related laws of turnkey are numerous, and public sectors’ using them wrongly is also quite common. Thus how to clarify the risk allocation, set a perfect tender document, select a good turnkey contractor, eliminate the controversy and finish the turnkey contract smoothly is the motivation for this study. According to time point, the scope of this study including tendering preparedness, tendering procedures, contract performance, checking and acceptance after the establishment and the warranty after the completion. In this paper, the owner of the turkey contract is limited to a public authority and the subject of the contract is limited to a tunnel project. Due to a great variety of contract disputes, this paper will mainly focus on the common contract disputes of tunnel projects. This paper starts with introducing public construction turnkey contract, which includes introducing the basic concepts of turnkey, indicating the importance of the pre-tender assessment of turnkey project, discussing the significant works of the pre-tender stage, and expecting to establish a standard operating procedure to select a good professional firms to reduce the contract disputes. The article then describes the tunneling characteristics and risk categories and discusses the rational allocation of geological risk. The major dispute issues of tunnel turnkey contract can be categorized as follows: 1. disputes of the change of circumstances; 2. disputes of the work scope of contract and contract changes; 3. disputes of the contract pricing; 4. disputes of the Contractors' All Risk Insurance, and which are discussed on the subsequent chapters. The ultimate goal of this study is expecting to provide some suggestions of the disputes solutions and help related unit to complete the tunnel turnkey contract smoothly.