本研究選擇護理人員和大學生為受試者,比較在這兩組受試者在面對不同程度的時間壓力時,在警覺、導向和執行控制注意力的作業表現的差異,藉此了解生活於不同環境中的受試者,是否會因長期生活環境而改變注意力在壓力下的表現。 實驗一以大學生為研究對象,觀察警覺、導向和執行控制三種注意力分別在不同時間壓力下的反應時間和正確率的表現。實驗二多加入護理人員為受試者,觀察護理人員和大學生在無時間壓力下,警覺、導向和執行控制三種注意力的表現差異,並再進一步比較不同程度的時間壓力下,這三種注意力表現的差異。實驗結果發現:(一)、護理人員和大學生在壓力知覺量表上的分數無差異。(二)警覺、導向和執行控制注意力會受到壓力的影響,其中執行控制注意力會因為作業的難度而有所差異。(三)、在無壓力下,三種注意力作業的反應時間的結果大致符合Fan, McCandliss, Sommer, Raz , & Posner(2002)中的結果,唯有護理人員在警覺注意力作業中的反應時間與文獻不同。 透過本研究可知,護理人員與大學生間會因為後天環境的差異,影響注意力資源的分配狀態,因此護理人員相對於大學生有較佳的警覺注意力,可以分配較少的資源於警覺注意力中,然而也會因為在警覺注意力資源分配較少的原因,而導致在時間壓力下時影響其正確率。 關鍵字:壓力、注意力、護理人員
To understand whether different lifestyles have any effect on attention performance under stress, this thesis compared nurses’ and university students’ alertness attention, orientation attention and executive attention performance under different time pressure. Experiment 1 of the present study recruited university students as participants and observed the response time and accuracy performance of alertness attention, orientation attention and executive attention under different time pressure conditions. Experiment 2 compared the performance of these three attention tasks between nurses and university students under different time pressure conditions. The present results found that:(1) There was no difference between nurses and students in Perceived Stress Scale score (2) Alertness attention, orientation attention and executive attention all were affected by the time pressure, and the degree of influence the time pressure had on executive attention also depended on task difficulty.(3) In the absence of time pressure, the response time in these three attention tasks matched with the result obtained by Fan, McCandliss, Sommer, Raz , & Posner(2002). The present study suggested that different life styles of nurses and university students had some influences on their allocation of attention capacity. Therefore, comparing to students, nurses had better alertness attention that needs less capacity . As a result, they also had poorer accuracy performance under the time pressure. Key word:Stress、Attention、Nurse