畜牧廢棄物於微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉澱沙柱研究

Use Pig Urea in Microbial Induce Calcium Participation (MICP) Properties

黃奕勛(Yi-Hsun Huang)

指導教授 ： 陳建易

國立中正大學/理學院/地球與環境科學系應用地球物理與環境科學研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

生物體的礦化產物，是生物體本身與周邊環境協調作用下的生成物，它們存在的形態，與形成的背景，均牽動著生物體本身乃至於環境上的變動。也因此透過生物礦化作用的研究，以及對於生物環境交互作用的進一步了解，有助於地球環境科學的進步。

本研究係使用畜牧廢棄物當做碳源，以微生物Bacillus pasteurii (DSM 33)誘導碳酸鈣沉積，進行土壤固化之沙柱研究。此細菌在新陳代謝過程中，產生尿素酶，分解尿素產生銨離子及碳酸根離子。當鈣源充足時，鈣源和碳酸根離子發生反應形成碳酸鈣沉澱，稱之為微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉積( microbial induce calcium participation, MICP)，它是一種新穎的及環境友好型生物技術。反應方程式如下：
CO(NH2)2 + 2H2O → 2NH4+ + CO32−
Ca2+ + CO32− → CaCO3 ↓

改變菌液和營養源的注射次數，進行細菌OD值、銨根離子濃度、沙柱之物理性質、XRD、FTIR、SEM的分析，觀測其討論其結果。

實驗結果指出材料的物理性質會隨著注射次數的多寡而改變，注射次數越多改變的效果越好。期望可以有效的解決土壤液化的問題，又使用天然的材料來進行，對環境的影響降到最低。

關鍵字

微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉澱

並列摘要

In this thesis a novel and environmentally friendly biotechnology, an analog of microorganism (Bacillus pasteurii DSM 33) induced precipitation of calcium carbonate was implemented to sand column for soil reinforcement. The stoichiometric reaction equation could be represented as follows:

CO (NH2) 2 + 2H2O → 2NH4 ++CO32-
Ca2 + + CO32-→ CaCO3 ↓

The bacteria during the metabolic process release an enzyme urease, and facilitate the urea hydrolysis to ammonium ions and carbonate ions. When the calcium source is sufficient, the carbonate ions react to form a calcium carbonate precipitate is referred to as microbial-induced calcium carbonate deposition (microbial induce calcium participation, MICP).

In our study we used pig urea as an alternative to replace the commercially available chemical urea used by the other literature. The pig urea is readily available in nature from animal farms. A solution comprising of calcium chloride along with the pig urea and bacteria was passed through the sand column and drained. During this process microbial induced precipitation of calcium carbonate took place. The column was allowed to stand for a certain period of time and solution poured again. This procedure was repeated for three times in order to enhance the hardness of the sand column. The precipitates obtained in the sand column were characterized using various spectral techniques such as XRD, SEM and FT-IR. This clearly showed the formation of calcium carbonate precipitates. Use XRD we can find aragonite and calcite distinctive peak. Use SEM we can find flower, columnar, and radial crystallization of calcium carbonate. Use FT-IR we also find aragonite and calcite distinctive peak. The results of sand porosity, permeability and water absorption measurements showed a good association with hardness achieved when the sand column was impregnated with the reaction three times. The study results are expected to solve effectively the problem of soil liquefaction, and the use of natural materials to minimize the impact on the environment.

並列關鍵字

microbial induce calcium participation

參考文獻

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